GENERAL AWARENESS – Indian Rivers (Geography)
RIVERS- FACTS, DISPUTES, TRIBUTARIES, ORIGIN
- The rivers of India can be classified into four groups viz., Himalayan rivers, coastal rivers, Deccan rivers and rivers of the inland drainage basin. Himalayan Rivers: They are formed by melting snow and glaciers and therefore, continuously flow throughout the year. | Deccan Rivers: They are rain-fed rivers and hence fluctuate in the volume. Many of the Deccan rivers are non-perennial. They are short in length and have limited catchments areas. Most of them are of an ephemeral character. Most of the rivers in the Deccan region generally flow in the east direction and fall into the Bay of Bengal. The major east flowing rivers are Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Mahanadi etc. Coastal Rivers: There are numerous coastal rivers, which are comparatively smaller than the other type of rivers. While only a handful of these rivers drain into the sea near the delta of the east coast, there are as many as 600 such rivers on the west coast. example: subarnarekh, Vamsadhara, Nagavali, Vaigai, Naetravati and sharavati. Inland Water Drainage: The rivers that do not empty I the ocean but get lost into the sand. Example: Luni, Macchu, Banas, Rupen, Saraswati and Ghagghar.
- The longest river flowing through India is INDUS which originates in Tibet.
- Five rivers of erstwhile Punjab are: Sutlej, Ravi, Beas, Jhelum And Chenab
- The Godavari is also called as Dakshin Ganga
- Damodar is known as Bengal’s Sorrow
- Prayagraj (Allahabad) is believed to be the confluence (Sangam) of rivers Ganga, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati.
- RIVER AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES
| S.NO. | RIVER | TRIBUTARIES |
| 1 | Ganga | 1. Gomti 2.Ghaghra 3.Gandak 4. Kosi 5. Yamuna 6. Son 7. Hoogly |
| 2 | Yamuna | 1. Chambal 2. Sindh 3. Betwa 4. Ken 5. Tons 6. Hindon |
| 3 | Godavri | 1. Indravati 2. Manjira 3. Bindusara 4. Sarbari 5. Penganga 6. Prananahita |
| 4 | Krishna | 1. Tungabhadra 2. Ghataprabha 3.Malaprabha 4. Bhima 5. Vedavati 6. Konya |
| 5 | Cauvery | 1. Kabini 2. Hemavati 3. Simsha 4. Arkavati 5. Bhavani |
| 6 | Narmada | 1. Amaravati 2. Bhukhi 3. Tawa 4. Banger |
| 7 | Indus | 1. Sutlej 2. Dras 3. Zanskar 4. Shyok 5. Gilgit 6. Suru |
| 8 | Brahamputra | 1. Dibang 2. Lohit 3. Jia Bhareli 4. Dikhow 5. Subansiri 6. Manas |
| 9 | Damodar | 1. Barakar 2. Konar |
| 10 | Ravi | 1. Budhil 2. Nai or Dhona 3. Seul 4. Ujh |
| 11 | Mahanadi | 1. Seonath 2. Hasdeo 3. Jonk 4. Mand 5. Ib 6. Ong 7. Tel |
- MAJOR RIVER WATER DISPUTES OVER THE YEARS AND THE STATES INVOLVED
| S.NO | DISPUTE | STATES INVOLVED |
| 1 | Krishna Water Dispute | Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra |
| 2 | Mahadayi/Mandovi Water Dispute | Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra |
| 3 | Vansadhara Water Dispute | Odisha, Andhra Pradesh |
| 4 | Cauvery Water Dispute | Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerela |
| 5 | Babhali Barrage issues | Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh |
| 6 | Mulla Periyar Dam issue | Tamil Nadu, Kerela |
- ALTERNATE/ANCIENT/GREEK NAMES OF THE RIVERS
| S.NO | PRESENT DAY NAME | ALTERNATE NAME |
| 1 | Indus | Sindhu (Ancient Name) |
| 2 | Jhelum | Vitasta (Ancient Name); Hydaspes (Greek Name ) |
| 3 | Chenab | Asikini (Ancient Namre); Chandrabhagha |
| 4 | Ravi | Parusni (Ancient Name); Airavati |
| 5 | Beas | Vipasa (Ancient Name); Hyphasis (Greek Name) |
| 6 | Sutlej | Sutudri (Ancient Name); Zarodros (Greek Name) |
| 7 | Brahamputra | Dihang; Tsangpo (Tibetan) |
| 8 | Luni | Sagarmati |
| 9 | Betwa | vetravati |
- RIVER AND THEIR PLACES OF ORIGIN
| S.NO | RIVER | PLACE OF ORIGIN |
| 1 | Ganga | Gangotri (Uttrakhand) |
| 2 | Indus | Mansarovar (Tibet) |
| 3 | Narmada | Maikal hills, Amarkantak (MP) |
| 4 | Tapi/ Tapti | Satpura Range, Betul (MP) |
| 5 | Mahanadi | Nagri Town (Chattisgarh) |
| 6 | Brahamputra | Chemayungdung (Tibet) |
| 7 | Sutlej | Mt. Kailash (Tibet) |
| 8 | Beas | Rohtang Pass (Himachal Pradesh) |
| 9 | Godavri | Nasik (Maharashtra) |
| 10 | Krishna | Mahabaleshwar (Maharashtra) |
| 11 | Cauvery | Brahmagiri Hills, Coorg (Karnataka) |
| 12 | Sabarmati | Udaipur, Aravalli Hills (Rajasthan) |
| 13 | Ravi | Chamba (Himachal Pradesh) |
| 14 | Penner | Nandi Hills, Chickballapur (Karnataka) |