Important English Questions for CLAT 2025

The intersection of technology and ethics has given rise to profound philosophical debates in the modern era. Artificial intelligence (AI), a pinnacle of technological advancement, has amplified discussions about autonomy, bias, and accountability. While advocates laud its capacity to enhance productivity and decision-making, detractors caution against a potential erosion of human agency. The rapidity with which AI systems evolve often outpaces regulatory frameworks, leaving societies vulnerable to unintended consequences ranging from mass surveillance to algorithmic discrimination. As the discourse intensifies, one cannot ignore the pressing need for a global consensus on ethical AI governance.

What is the primary argument made by the author regarding AI?

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The passage emphasizes the need for global consensus on ethical AI governance, as regulatory frameworks struggle to keep pace with rapid advancements.

The phrase erosion of human agency in the passage most likely refers to:

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Erosion of human agency implies diminishing human control or influence, particularly in decision-making processes, as highlighted in the context of AI systems.

Which of the following best reflects the tone of the passage?

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The passage adopts an analytical tone, exploring the implications of AI advancements while discussing the ethical and regulatory challenges involved.

Economic inequality, often deemed a natural byproduct of free-market capitalism, has increasingly become a subject of sociopolitical contention. While proponents argue that disparities incentivize innovation and economic growth, critics contend that unchecked inequality undermines social cohesion and perpetuates cycles of poverty. The rise of plutocracies—societies governed by the wealthy elite—exemplifies the dangers of extreme inequality, where economic power translates into disproportionate political influence. To address this imbalance, policymakers must navigate the precarious balance between promoting individual enterprise and ensuring equitable resource distribution.

What does the author suggest is a potential consequence of extreme economic inequality?

A. Enhanced economic growth
B. Disproportionate political influence of the wealthy
C. Increased innovation and competition
D. The collapse of the free-market system

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The passage explicitly mentions that extreme inequality can lead to plutocracies, where the wealthy exert disproportionate political influence.

The word plutocracies in the passage refers to:

A. Democracies with strong economic systems.
B. Societies ruled by wealthy elites.
C. Economically advanced nations.
D. Governments with socialist principles.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Plutocracies are defined as societies governed by the wealthy elite, as mentioned in the passage.

Which of the following measures does the passage imply would best address economic inequality?

A. Abolishing free-market capitalism
B. Encouraging wealth accumulation by individuals
C. Balancing individual enterprise with equitable resource distribution
D. Allowing market forces to self-regulate

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The passage advocates for a balance between promoting individual enterprise and ensuring fair resource allocation to mitigate inequality.

Which of the following statements most strengthens the argument that economic inequality undermines social cohesion?

A. Economically unequal societies have lower crime rates.
B. High levels of inequality often correlate with increased social unrest.
C. Wealth disparities incentivize competitive behaviors in individuals.
D. Income inequality is a natural outcome of talent and hard work.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The correlation between inequality and social unrest supports the argument that economic disparities harm social cohesion.

Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that policymakers should regulate AI to mitigate risks?

A. AI systems often make fewer errors than human decision-makers.
B. Ethical issues in AI are complex and difficult to resolve.
C. Regulatory frameworks hinder innovation in AI development.
D. Many AI systems operate transparently without ethical concerns.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: If many AI systems already operate transparently and without ethical concerns, the need for stringent regulations is undermined.

The scientist’s findings were deemed esoteric by the media, meaning they were:

A. Simple and widely understood
B. Intended to mislead
C. Accessible to a select group
D. Based on empirical evidence

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Esoteric refers to something understood or intended for only a small, specialized group.

Identify the error in the sentence:

Each of the participants were asked to share their views on climate change.

A. Each of the participants
B. were asked
C. to share their views
D. on climate change

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: “Each” is singular, so “were” should be replaced with “was.”

Rearrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph:

1.Policymakers often face the challenge of balancing economic growth with environmental conservation.

2.Rapid industrialization has exacerbated ecological degradation.

3.Sustainable development seeks to harmonize these seemingly conflicting objectives.

4.Public awareness and technological innovations play a crucial role in achieving this balance.

A. 2-1-3-4
B.1-2-3-4
C. 3-2-1-4
D. 1-3-2-4

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The logical progression starts with the challenge (1), details the issue (2), introduces the solution (3), and concludes with supporting factors (4).

Question 12:

Choose the sentence that best introduces the following paragraph:

Technological innovations, while transformative, often bring unintended consequences that require careful mitigation.

A. Technology always improves the quality of life.
B. The benefits of technology outweigh its drawbacks.
C. The unintended consequences of technological innovations demand scrutiny.
D. Modern society heavily depends on technology.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: This option introduces the central idea of the paragraph, focusing on unintended consequences.

The advent of social media has transformed the way individuals interact with information, often blurring the boundaries between credible journalism and sensationalist content. Algorithms prioritize engagement over accuracy, leading to the proliferation of echo chambers and confirmation bias. Consequently, the democratization of information has paradoxically contributed to the erosion of informed public discourse. In this context, the need for digital literacy has become paramount, enabling individuals to discern fact from fiction in an increasingly polarized environment.

What is the primary issue raised by the author regarding social media?

A. It prioritizes engagement over accuracy.
B. It enhances global communication.
C. It bridges gaps in digital literacy.
D. It democratizes public discourse.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The passage explicitly criticizes social media for prioritizing engagement over accuracy, which contributes to misinformation.

The word erosion in the passage most closely means:

A. Strengthening
B. Deterioration
C. Improvement
D. Preservation

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Erosion refers to the gradual decline or deterioration, which fits the context of diminishing informed public discourse.

Which of the following actions would align most closely with the author’s proposed solution?

A. Encouraging users to spend more time on social media.
B. Promoting education on evaluating digital information critically.
C. Developing algorithms to maximize user engagement.
D. Reducing access to online journalism platforms.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The author emphasizes the importance of digital literacy, which involves critically evaluating online information.

The tone of the passage can best be described as:

A. Alarmist
B. Persuasive
C. Neutral
D. Analytical

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The passage adopts an analytical tone, examining the effects of social media on public discourse and proposing solutions.

Climate change, once considered a distant threat, now poses immediate challenges to ecosystems and human societies. Rising temperatures accelerate glacial melt, leading to rising sea levels that threaten coastal cities. Simultaneously, extreme weather patterns—such as prolonged droughts and severe storms—underscore the urgency for collective global action. However, international agreements often falter due to conflicting economic priorities, revealing the tension between short-term interests and long-term sustainability.

What does the author identify as a major obstacle to addressing climate change?

A. Lack of public awareness
B. Conflicting economic priorities among nations
C. Insufficient technological advancements
D. The inevitability of extreme weather patterns

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The passage highlights conflicting economic priorities as a key reason for the failure of international agreements on climate change.

The phrase prolonged droughts and severe storms serves to:

A. Illustrate the immediate effects of climate change.
B.Undermine the significance of climate change.
C. Predict future climatic patterns.
D. Describe historical weather conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The passage uses this phrase to demonstrate the urgent and observable impacts of climate change.

Which of the following is a potential solution implied by the passage?

A. Localized, nation-specific efforts to combat climate change
B. Collective global action prioritizing long-term sustainability
C. Investment in urban infrastructure to mitigate sea-level rise
D. Abandoning international agreements on climate policies

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The author calls for “collective global action,” which necessitates prioritizing long-term sustainability over short-term economic gains.

The tone of the passage is best described as:

A. Urgent and cautionary
B. Neutral and detached
C. Optimistic and hopeful
D. Critical and dismissive

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The passage conveys urgency by highlighting the immediate challenges posed by climate change and the need for action.