1. Six friends P–U play chess, each with everyone once. Total games = ?
A) 12
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25
Answer: B
Explanation: Formula for combinations: nC2 = 6C2 = 15.
2. Identify reasoning: “He is a lawyer because he argues well.”
A) Circular reasoning
B) Post hoc
C) Straw man
D) False dilemma
Answer: A
Explanation: Premise presupposes conclusion (argues well → lawyer) with no external support.
3. Two trains leave stations 180 km apart at 8 am; one at 40 km/h, other at 50 km/h. When do they meet?
A) 9:30 am
B) 10 am
C) 10:15 am
D) 10:30 am
Answer: B
Explanation: Relative speed = 90 km/h. Time = 180/90 = 2 hr. So 10 am.
4. Which inference is valid? Premises:
- All contracts need offer.
- Some valid agreements lack consideration.
- All agreements with consideration are contracts.
A) Some contracts lack consideration
B) All offers are contracts
C) Some agreements are not contracts
D) All valid agreements are contracts
Answer: C
Explanation: (3) says: consideration agreements ⊆ contracts. (2) gives: some valid agreements ¬consideration → cannot be contracts → C.
5. 1 4 9 16 …?
A) 20
B) 25
C) 30
D) 36
Answer: B
Explanation: Squares of natural numbers: 1²,2²,3²,4² → next is 5² = 25.
6. Analogy: “Leg : Walk :: Wing : ?”
A) Fly
B) Bird
C) Feathers
D) Jump
Answer: A
Explanation: Function mapping: leg enables walk; wing enables fly.
7. All members of a committee speak English or Hindi (or both). 12 speak English, 8 speak Hindi, 4 speak both. How many members?
A) 16
B) 20
C) 24
D) 28
Answer: A
Explanation: There are 12 people who speak English, 8 who speak Hindi, and 4 who speak both. To avoid double-counting those who speak both, subtract that group from the total.
So, 12+8−4=1612 + 8 – 4 = 1612+8−4=16 members in all.
8. Spot flaw: “Whenever I wear blue, it rains. So my shirt causes rain.”
A) False cause
B) Appeal to authority
C) Equivocation
D) Analogy error
Answer: A
Explanation: Correlation ≠ causation.
9. If TODAY is coded as UQGBZ (reverse alphabet +2), how is LOGIC coded?
A) NQIKE
B) NQKGE
C) MQLGE
D) NQJGE
Answer: B
Explanation: Each letter moved forward by 2 then written backward.
10. Two premises:
- If witness credible, testimony accepted.
- Testimony accepted.What is valid? A) Witness credibleB) Witness not credibleC) Nothing followsD) Testimony unreliable
Answer: C
Explanation: Accepting consequent is invalid; no conclusion.