1. Statement: “All cats are mammals. Some mammals are lions.”
Conclusion:
Conclusion:
i) Some lions are cats.
ii) All cats are lions.
ii) All cats are lions.
a) Only i follows
b) Only ii follows
c) Both follow
d) Neither follows
b) Only ii follows
c) Both follow
d) Neither follows
Answer: d) Neither follows
Explanation: No direct relationship between cats and lions can be deduced.
Explanation: No direct relationship between cats and lions can be deduced.
2. Identify the assumption:
Statement: “Online education is better than traditional education.”
a) Everyone has internet access.
b) Online education is more flexible.
c) Traditional education is less effective.
d) Both a and b.
b) Online education is more flexible.
c) Traditional education is less effective.
d) Both a and b.
Answer: b) Online education is more flexible.
Explanation: The statement assumes online education’s benefits, particularly flexibility.
Explanation: The statement assumes online education’s benefits, particularly flexibility.
3. Statement: “Some fruits are apples. All apples are sweet.”
Conclusion:
Conclusion:
i) Some fruits are sweet.
ii) All sweet things are apples.
ii) All sweet things are apples.
a) Only i follows
b) Only ii follows
c) Both follow
d) Neither follows
b) Only ii follows
c) Both follow
d) Neither follows
Answer: a) Only i follows
Explanation: Some fruits being sweet is logical as all apples (a type of fruit) are sweet, but ii does not follow.
Explanation: Some fruits being sweet is logical as all apples (a type of fruit) are sweet, but ii does not follow.
4. Statement: “The government should implement stricter traffic rules to reduce road accidents.”
Assumption:
Assumption:
a) Stricter rules will lead to fewer accidents.
b) People always follow traffic rules.
c) Road accidents are caused by inadequate rules.
d) Stricter rules discourage driving.
b) People always follow traffic rules.
c) Road accidents are caused by inadequate rules.
d) Stricter rules discourage driving.
Answer: a) Stricter rules will lead to fewer accidents.
Explanation: The statement assumes stricter rules will have a positive impact on safety.
Explanation: The statement assumes stricter rules will have a positive impact on safety.
5. Statement: “All engineers are good at mathematics.”
Conclusion:
Conclusion:
i) All people good at mathematics are engineers.
ii) Some good mathematicians are engineers.
ii) Some good mathematicians are engineers.
a) Only i follows
b) Only ii follows
c) Both follow
d) Neither follows
b) Only ii follows
c) Both follow
d) Neither follows
Answer: b) Only ii follows
Explanation: Some engineers being good mathematicians is valid, but the converse does not hold.
Explanation: Some engineers being good mathematicians is valid, but the converse does not hold.
6. Statement: “The company has decided to give bonuses to employees who achieve their targets.”
Assumption:
Assumption:
a) Bonuses improve performance.
b) Only target-achievers deserve bonuses.
c) Targets are hard to achieve.
d) Employees value bonuses.
b) Only target-achievers deserve bonuses.
c) Targets are hard to achieve.
d) Employees value bonuses.
Answer: d) Employees value bonuses.
Explanation: The statement assumes bonuses act as a motivator.
Explanation: The statement assumes bonuses act as a motivator.
7. Statement: “Exercise leads to better health.”
Assumption:
Assumption:
a) People who exercise are always healthy.
b) Regular exercise improves health.
c) Health cannot improve without exercise.
d) Only healthy people exercise.
b) Regular exercise improves health.
c) Health cannot improve without exercise.
d) Only healthy people exercise.
Answer: b) Regular exercise improves health.
Explanation: The statement implies a positive link between exercise and health.
Explanation: The statement implies a positive link between exercise and health.
8. Statement: “No smartphones are completely secure.”
Conclusion:
Conclusion:
i) Some secure devices are smartphones.
ii) All smartphones are insecure.
ii) All smartphones are insecure.
a) Only i follows
b) Only ii follows
c) Both follow
d) Neither follows
b) Only ii follows
c) Both follow
d) Neither follows
Answer: b) Only ii follows
Explanation: The statement directly implies that no smartphone is secure.
Explanation: The statement directly implies that no smartphone is secure.
9. Statement: “If it rains, the match will be canceled.”
Conclusion:
Conclusion:
i) The match will not happen if it rains.
ii) The match will happen if it does not rain.
ii) The match will happen if it does not rain.
a) Only i follows
b) Only ii follows
c) Both follow
d) Neither follows
b) Only ii follows
c) Both follow
d) Neither follows
Answer: a) Only i follows
Explanation: The cancellation is conditional on rain, but no information is given about other reasons for cancellation.
Explanation: The cancellation is conditional on rain, but no information is given about other reasons for cancellation.
10. Statement: “Reading books enhances knowledge.”
Assumption:
a) Books contain useful information.
b) Only books can enhance knowledge.
c) People do not read enough books.
d) Knowledge cannot be gained through experience.
b) Only books can enhance knowledge.
c) People do not read enough books.
d) Knowledge cannot be gained through experience.
Answer: a) Books contain useful information.
Explanation: The assumption is that books provide valuable content for learning.
Explanation: The assumption is that books provide valuable content for learning.
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Ruchika Mohapatra
Contributing author
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