1. Under Muslim law in India, the primary source of law is:
a) Customs and usages
b) Quran and Hadith
c) Judicial precedents
d) Equity and good conscience
Answer: b) Quran and Hadith
Explanation: The Quran and Hadith (traditions of Prophet Muhammad) form the basic foundation of Muslim personal law, while other sources are supplementary.
2. Who among the following can pronounce a Talaq-e-Biddat (Triple Talaq) under traditional Hanafi law?
a) Only the wife
b) Husband alone
c) Qazi with court approval
d) Both spouses jointly
Answer: b) Husband alone
Explanation: Triple talaq was historically a unilateral right of the husband under Hanafi law, but it has been declared void by the Supreme Court of India in Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017).
3. Which legislation makes instant triple talaq a punishable offence in India?
a) Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986
b) Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939
c) Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019
d) Shariat Application Act, 1937
Answer: c) Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019
Explanation: The 2019 Act criminalised instant triple talaq and provided safeguards for Muslim women.
4. In Muslim law, Mehr (Dower) is:
a) A gift given by bride’s father
b) Voluntary charity to the poor
c) A sum the husband is obligated to pay the wife
d) Maintenance after divorce
Answer: c) A sum the husband is obligated to pay the wife
Explanation: Mehr is a mandatory consideration given by the husband to the wife as a mark of respect and security in marriage.
5. Which type of divorce can a Muslim wife obtain without court intervention by returning her Mehr?
a) Talaq-e-Ahsan
b) Khula
c) Mubarat
d) Ila
Answer: b) Khula
Explanation: Khula is a form of divorce initiated by the wife with the husband’s consent, usually by returning the dower.
6. Under Muslim inheritance law, a son’s share is generally:
a) Equal to that of a daughter
b) Double the share of a daughter
c) Half the share of a daughter
d) Determined by custom only
Answer: b) Double the share of a daughter
Explanation: The Quranic rule provides that a son inherits twice as much as a daughter.
7. Who among the following is NOT a sharer under Sunni law of inheritance?
a) Mother
b) Father
c) Paternal grandfather
d) Sister’s son
Answer: d) Sister’s son
Explanation: A sister’s son is a residuary (agnatic heir), not a sharer, in Sunni inheritance law.
8.Under Muslim law, Iddat is the period:
a) Between betrothal and marriage
b) For observing mourning after husband’s death or divorce
c) For fixing Mehr
d) When marriage is consummated
Answer: b) For observing mourning after husband’s death or divorce
Explanation: Iddat is a waiting period a woman must observe after divorce or widowhood before she can remarry.
9. A valid Muslim marriage (Nikah) requires:
a) Proposal and acceptance in presence of witnesses
b) Registration with municipal authority
c) Consent of village Panchayat
d) Payment of dower at the time of proposal
Answer: a) Proposal and acceptance in presence of witnesses
Explanation: Offer (Ijab) and acceptance (Qubul) before competent witnesses constitute a valid Nikah.
10. The Shariat Application Act, 1937 was enacted to:
a) Abolish polygamy
b) Apply Muslim personal law to Muslims in certain matters
c) Reform inheritance rights of Hindus
d) Establish Muslim courts
Answer: b) Apply Muslim personal law to Muslims in certain matters
Explanation: The Act made Shariat applicable to Muslims in areas like marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc., superseding custom.