This sectional test on Constitutional Law has been carefully curated for CLAT PG aspirants who want to strengthen their understanding of fundamental constitutional concepts, doctrines, and landmark judgments.
Each of the ten questions is moderately challenging and aligned with the evolving CLAT PG pattern. The answers and detailed explanations are supported by authoritative sources like M.P. Jain, V.N. Shukla, and landmark Supreme Court decisions. Use this test to assess your preparation and gain conceptual clarity.
Q1. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution cannot be amended by a simple majority?
A. Article 2
B. Article 3
C. Article 368
D. Article 100
Q2. In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, which of the following was held?
A. The Parliament has no power to amend the Constitution
B. Fundamental Rights cannot be abridged
C. The Preamble is not a part of the Constitution
D. The basic structure of the Constitution cannot be abrogated
Q3. The principle of “procedure established by law” under Article 21 was interpreted to include substantive due process in which case?
A. A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras
B. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
C. Gopalan v. State of Kerala
D. ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla
Q4. Which Article of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality before law and equal protection of laws?
A. Article 14
B. Article 19
C. Article 15
D. Article 21
Q5. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 did not introduce which of the following?
A. Fundamental Duties
B. Words “Socialist” and “Secular” to the Preamble
C. Administrative Tribunals
D. Right to Education under Article 21A
A. Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)
B. M. Nagaraj v. Union of India (2006)
C. Champakam Dorairajan v. State of Madras (1951)
D. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
Q7. Which of the following features is part of the “basic structure” of the Constitution?
A. Directive Principles of State Policy
B. Judicial review
C. Emergency provisions
D. Amendment procedure
Q8. Under Article 226, the High Court has jurisdiction to issue writs:
A. Only for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights
B. Only for violation of legal rights
C. For both Fundamental Rights and legal rights
D. Only when Article 32 is not applicable
Q9. Which of the following constitutional amendments curtailed the power of judicial review during the Emergency?
A. 24th Amendment
B. 39th Amendment
C. 44th Amendment
D. 42nd Amendment
Q10. In which case did the Supreme Court hold that secularism is part of the basic structure?
A. Minerva Mills v. Union of India
B. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
C. S.R. Bommai v. Union of India
D. I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu
Answer Key with Detailed Explanations
| Q. No. | Ans | Explanation |
| 1 | C | Article 368 deals with the procedure for amending the Constitution. It can only be amended by a special majority. (Art. 368, M.P. Jain) |
| 2 | D | Kesavananda Bharati (1973) introduced the basic structure doctrine, limiting Parliament’s power to amend. |
| 3 | B | Maneka Gandhi v. UOI (1978) expanded Article 21 to include substantive due process. (AIR 1978 SC 597) |
| 4 | A | Article 14 guarantees equality before law and equal protection of the laws. |
| 5 | D | Article 21A (Right to Education) was inserted by the 86th Amendment, not the 42nd. |
| 6 | B | M. Nagaraj v. Union of India upheld reservation in promotions, provided certain conditions were satisfied. (2006) 8 SCC 212 |
| 7 | B | Judicial review is a core feature of the basic structure doctrine. (Kesavananda, Minerva Mills) |
| 8 | C | Article 226 empowers High Courts to issue writs not just for Fundamental Rights but also for legal rights. |
| 9 | B | The 39th Amendment placed certain laws beyond judicial review, particularly relating to the PM’s election. |
| 10 | C | S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994) recognized secularism as part of the basic structure. |