This sectional test on Family Law for CLAT PG aspirants is designed to assess your understanding of key concepts, statutes, and landmark judgments across Hindu and Muslim personal laws.
Use this test to strengthen your grasp of topics like marriage, divorce, maintenance, guardianship, and adoption.
Q1. Under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, a marriage solemnized in contravention of Section 5(i) (i.e., bigamy) is:
A. Void
B. Voidable
C. Valid but punishable
D. Irregular
Q2. Which of the following is not a ground for divorce under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955?
A. Cruelty
B. Adultery
C. Conversion to another religion
D. Mutual consent after one month of marriage
Q3. In the context of Muslim law, the term “Mahr” refers to:
A. Dowry demanded by the bride’s family
B. Maintenance allowance post-divorce
C. A compulsory payment by the husband to the wife
D. Voluntary gift at the time of marriage
Q4. The case of Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017) dealt with which form of divorce?
A. Khula
B. Faskh
C. Talaq-e-Biddat
D. Talaq-e-Tafweez
Q5. Which legislation introduced the concept of “irretrievable breakdown of marriage” as a ground for divorce in India?
A. Hindu Marriage (Amendment) Act, 2010
B. Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
C. There is no such legislation yet
D. Special Marriage Act, 1954
Q6. Under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956, who cannot be adopted?
A. An orphan
B. A girl child
C. A married female
D. A person above 15 years of age, unless custom permits
Q7. Under Muslim Law, a child born out of a valid marriage is presumed legitimate if born:
A. After 280 days of dissolution of marriage
B. Within 1 year of marriage
C. After 6 months of marriage
D. At any time, even after divorce
Q8. Under the Special Marriage Act, 1954, what is the minimum age for a female to marry?
A. 16
B. 18
C. 21
D. 20
Q9. Which of the following judgments upheld that a Hindu mother is a natural guardian of a minor child after the father’s death?
A. Githa Hariharan v. Reserve Bank of India
B. Danial Latifi v. Union of India
C. Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India
D. Joseph Shine v. Union of India
Q10. In Danial Latifi v. Union of India (2001), the Supreme Court ruled that:
A. Muslim women are entitled to maintenance only during iddat
B. Muslim women cannot claim maintenance
C. Reasonable and fair provision must be made within the iddat period but can extend beyond
D. Muslim women can remarry without iddat
Answer Key and Detailed Explanations
| Q. No. | Answer | Explanation |
| 1 | A. Void | Under Section 11 of the Hindu Marriage Act, a second marriage while the first is subsisting is void ab initio, and punishable under Section 494 IPC. |
| 2 | D. Mutual consent after one month of marriage | Mutual consent is a ground for divorce under Section 13B, but only after one year of marriage (Section 13B(1)). |
| 3 | C. A compulsory payment by the husband to the wife | Mahr is a mandatory obligation in Muslim marriage, forming part of the contract and payable by the husband. |
| 4 | C. Talaq-e-Biddat | In Shayara Bano v. Union of India, the SC declared instant triple talaq (Talaq-e-Biddat) unconstitutional. |
| 5 | C. There is no such legislation yet | The SC has recommended irretrievable breakdown as a ground, but it has not yet been codified in legislation. |
| 6 | D. A person above 15 years of age, unless custom permits | Section 10 of HAMA bars adoption of children over 15 unless a custom or usage allows it. |
| 7 | A. After 280 days of dissolution of marriage | Muslim law presumes legitimacy if born within 280 days of termination of marriage, and mother remains unmarried. |
| 8 | B. 18 | Section 4(c) of the Special Marriage Act prescribes 18 for females and 21 for males. |
| 9 | A. Githa Hariharan v. RBI | In this 1999 case, SC interpreted “after” in Section 6(a) of the HMG Act as “in absence of” to include mothers as guardians. |
| 10 | C. Reasonable and fair provision must be made within iddat period but can extend beyond | SC upheld Section 3 of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986, balancing constitutional rights and Muslim personal law. |