Sources of the Indian Constitution

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Some features of Constitution of India are said to be borrowed from certain other Constitutions and it is proved that at the time of framing of Constitution of India, the framework of Constitution did examine the other existing Constitutions in the world for the purpose of an aid to draft the Indian Constitution and we did adopt certain features from those Constitution either because such features did exist in Indian Societies or these features were goals or aspirations of Indian National freedom Struggle and suited to Indian Society. The Fact that these features were taken from some other Constitution does not imply that we have borrowed them from those Constitution rather we have adopted them as they suited the Indian Society. In fact, Dr. Ambedkar have commented that even if we have taken their features from other Constitution, it does not amount to Plagiarism as no country has patent upon these features.Some of the main features which have been inspired by other Constitution are as follows:FeaturesCountryThe words ‘Equality’, ‘liberty’ and ‘Fraternity’FranceFreedom of Trade and Commerce​​ AustraliaDoctrine of Basic StructureGermanyFundamental DutiesUSSREmergency and Suspension of Fundamental Rights during EmergencyGermanyDirective Principle of State PolicyIrelandFederalismUnited States of AmericaJudicial ReviewUnited States of AmericaParliamentary form of GovernmentUnited KingdomVarious WritsUnited KingdomRule of LawUnited KingdomProcedure established by lawUnited Kingdom and JapanFederation with strong centerCanadaResiduary powers of the Parliament or CentreCanadaAppointment of GovernorsCanadaAdvisory Jurisdiction of Supreme CourtCanadaFundamental Rights​​ United States of AmericaAmendmentSouth Africa  (function( $ ) { //footnotes $('.defaultNote').children(":first").css('cursor', 'pointer'); $('.defaultNote').children(":first").click(function(){ var gotoID = '#' + $(this).parent().attr('id'); $('html, body').animate( { scrollTop: $('a[href="' + gotoID + '"]').offset().top - 60, }, 250, 'linear' ) }); }(jQuery)); var numFormat = ",."; (function( $ ) { "use strict"; //do some cleaning on load var sortCells = $('td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]'); sortCells.each(function(){ var first = $(this).text().trim().charAt(0); if (first == '@'){ var oldHTML = $(this).html(); var newHTML = oldHTML.replace('@', ''); $(this).html(newHTML); } }); function sortingTable(node, pos, ordBy){ var rows = node.children('tbody').children('tr').get(); rows.sort(function(a, b) { var X = $(a).children('td').eq(pos).text().toUpperCase(); var Y = $(b).children('td').eq(pos).text().toUpperCase(); if (numFormat != '.,'){ //we are dealing with a different locale and we need to do some //transformation in numbers X = convert2number(X); Y = convert2number(Y); } else { X = X.replace(/,/g, '').replace(/ /g, ''); Y = Y.replace(/,/g, '').replace(/ /g, ''); } var currencies = ['$', '¥', '£', '€']; var arrayLength = currencies.length; var XX = X; var YY = Y; for (var i = 0; i < arrayLength; i++) { XX = XX.replace(currencies[i], ''); YY = YY.replace(currencies[i], ''); } if (!isNaN(XX) && !isNaN(YY)){ var floatXX = parseFloat(XX); var floatYY = parseFloat(YY); return -(floatYY-floatXX) * ordBy; } else if (!isNaN(XX) && isNaN(YY)){ return -1 * ordBy; } else if (isNaN(XX) && !isNaN(YY)){ return ordBy; } else { if(X < Y) { return -1 * ordBy; } if(X > Y) { return 1 * ordBy; } return 0; } }); $.each(rows, function(index, row) { node.children('tbody').append(row); }); } function removeTableCellDecoration() { $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").removeClass('sortDecorator'); } //unbind the click event just in case we are loading more than one document $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").off('click'); $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").click(function(){ removeTableCellDecoration(); $(this).addClass('sortDecorator'); //get desired ordering var ordering = $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering'); if (ordering == 'ASC'){ var ordBy = -1; $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering', 'DESC'); } else { var ordBy = 1; $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering', 'ASC'); } var cellPosition = $(this).prevAll().length; var table = $(this).parents('table:first'); sortingTable(table, cellPosition, ordBy); }); function convert2number(str) { str = str.trim(); if (str.match(/^\d+/)) { //we have to take special care when the thousand separators are '.' var result_0 = str.replace(/\./g, '_@_'); var result_1 = result_0.replace(window.numFormat[0], '.'); var result = result_1.replace(/_@_/g, ''); result .replace(/ /g, ''); return result; } else { return str; } } }(jQuery));