Summary on Property Law for CLAT PG

.docxpressoPlugin { font-size: 83.35%; } .h5p_layout { box-sizing: content-box !important; } .h5p_layout *{ float: none; text-align: initial; box-sizing: border-box; } /*to make sure that floating elements are always inside the document bounds*/ .h5p_layout:after { content: " "; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } /* a default layout for documents without maste styles */ .h5p_default_layout { margin-top: 3.6rem; margin-left: 8.50464rem; margin-bottom: 3.6rem; margin-right: 8.50464rem; writing-mode: lr-tb; } /*hack for IE */ wbr:after { content: "\00200B"; } /*hack to get some extra top margin for anchors if needed*/ .h5p_layout span[id^="_Toc"]{ padding-top: 10px; margin-top: -10px; } /* Remove unwanted numbering styles */ .h5p_layout .removeNumbering:before{ content: initial !important; display: none; all: initial !important; } /* give zero default top and bottom paddings for paragraphs*/ .h5p_layout p { color: #000000; line-height: 1; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .h5p_layout span { color: #000000; font-weight: normal; } .h5p_layout span.dropcap { color: inherit; font-family: inherit !important; } .h5p_layout h1, .h5p_layout h2, .h5p_layout h3, .h5p_layout h4, .h5p_layout h5, .h5p_layout h6 { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; color: inherit; } /* give zero default top and bottom paddings for paragraphs in tables*/ .h5p_layout table p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .h5p_layout ul, .h5p_layout ol { list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; } .h5p_layout ul li, .h5p_layout ol li { list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } .h5p_layout li p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .h5p_layout table { border: none; } .h5p_layout td { vertical-align: top; border: none; } .h5p_layout th { vertical-align: top; border: none; } .h5p_layout div { margin-bottom: 10pt; } .h5p_layout img { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .h5p_layout ul ul { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .h5p_layout li { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; list-style-type: none !important; } .h5p_layout ul, .h5p_layout ol { list-style-type: none !important; } .h5p_layout td[data-sorting] p:before, .h5p_layout th[data-sorting] p:before { content: ' '; padding-right: 16px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAALAQMAAACTYuVlAAAAA3NCSVQICAjb4U/gAAAABlBMVEUjLTD////tm/tRAAAACXBIWXMAAAsSAAALEgHS3X78AAAAFnRFWHRDcmVhdGlvbiBUaW1lADAyLzEwLzE2RFpLjQAAACB0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWFjcm9tZWRpYSBGaXJld29ya3MgTVi7kSokAAAAI0lEQVR4nGP4/4Dh9wOGjw8YHjxgOJDA8B9MPgCLAMX/PwAANZUStiyS6NsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: left center; background-repeat: no-repeat; } .sortDecorator { border-bottom: 3px solid #b70000 !important; } /* This is a spacial class designed to remove unwanted bullets when a li has ul as its first child*/ .h5p_layout .removeBullet:before { content: none !important; } /*responsive tables*/ .h5p_layout div.dxoResponsiveTable{ margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden; } /* chart tooltips */ .c3-tooltip-container td.name { white-space: nowrap; } /* External services*/ .h5p_layout iframe { resize: vertical; border: 1px solid #fff; } .h5p_layout div.youtube { position:relative; padding-bottom:56.25%; height:0; overflow:hidden; background-color: transparent; } .h5p_layout div.youtube iframe { resize: none; position:absolute; top:0; left:0; width:100%; height:100%; } div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 {counter-reset: ulLFO1_1;margin-left: 0;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 ul {counter-reset: ulLFO1_2;margin-left: -0.25in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 36pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO1_1;content: counter(ulLFO1_1, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO1_3;margin-left: -0.75in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 72pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO1_2;content: counter(ulLFO1_2, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO1_4;margin-left: -1.375in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 108pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO1_3;content: counter(ulLFO1_3, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO1_5;margin-left: -1.75in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 144pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO1_4;content: counter(ulLFO1_4, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO1_6;margin-left: -2.25in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 180pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO1_5;content: counter(ulLFO1_5, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO1_7;margin-left: -2.875in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 216pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO1_6;content: counter(ulLFO1_6, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO1_8;margin-left: -3.25in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 252pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO1_7;content: counter(ulLFO1_7, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO1_9;margin-left: -3.75in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 288pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO1_8;content: counter(ulLFO1_8, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO1_10;margin-left: -4.375in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 324pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO1_9;content: counter(ulLFO1_9, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 {counter-reset: ulLFO2_1;margin-left: 0;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_2;margin-left: -0.25in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 36pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_1;content: counter(ulLFO2_1, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_3;margin-left: -0.75in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 72pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_2;content: counter(ulLFO2_2, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_4;margin-left: -1.375in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 108pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_3;content: counter(ulLFO2_3, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_5;margin-left: -1.75in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 144pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_4;content: counter(ulLFO2_4, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_6;margin-left: -2.25in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 180pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_5;content: counter(ulLFO2_5, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_7;margin-left: -2.875in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 216pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_6;content: counter(ulLFO2_6, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_8;margin-left: -3.25in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 252pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_7;content: counter(ulLFO2_7, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_9;margin-left: -3.75in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 288pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_8;content: counter(ulLFO2_8, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_10;margin-left: -4.375in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 324pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_9;content: counter(ulLFO2_9, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P1 {border-top: none !important;border-left: none !important;border-bottom: 0.0138in solid #4F81BD !important;border-right: none !important;padding-top: 0in !important;padding-left: 0in !important;padding-bottom: 0.0555in !important;padding-right: 0in !important;margin-bottom: 0.2083in !important;line-height: 1 !important;break-before: page !important;text-align: center !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P1 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Cambria;color: #17365D;letter-spacing: 0.0034in;font-size: 26pt;hyphenate: false;font-weight: bold;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P2 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P2 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-weight: bold;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P3 {margin-bottom: 0in !important;text-align: justify !important;margin-top: 0.1666in !important;margin-bottom: 0.1666in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T4 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T5 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;vertical-align: super; font-size: 64.2% !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T6 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T7 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T8 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T9 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T10 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T11 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P12 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P12 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T13 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-weight: bold !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T14 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T15 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T16 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T17 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P18 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P18 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P19 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P19 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P20 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P20 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P21 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P21 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P22 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P22 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P23 {margin-left: 0.25in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T24 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T25 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-weight: bold !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T26 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P27 {margin-left: 0.25in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T28 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T29 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-weight: bold !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T30 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T31 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-weight: bold !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T32 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T33 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T34 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-weight: bold !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T35 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-weight: bold !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T36 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-weight: bold !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T37 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-weight: bold !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T38 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P39 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P39 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.T40 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.Normal {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.Normal span {hyphenate: false;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.DefaultParagraphFont {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.ListParagraph {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.ListParagraph span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.normal0 {margin-bottom: 0in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.normal0 span {font-family: Arial;language: en;country: US;hyphenate: false;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.Title {border-top: none !important;border-left: none !important;border-bottom: 0.0138in solid #4F81BD !important;border-right: none !important;padding-top: 0in !important;padding-left: 0in !important;padding-bottom: 0.0555in !important;padding-right: 0in !important;margin-bottom: 0.2083in !important;line-height: 1 !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.Title span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Cambria;color: #17365D;letter-spacing: 0.0034in;font-size: 26pt;hyphenate: false;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd span.TitleChar {font-family: Cambria !important;color: #17365D !important;letter-spacing: 0.0034in !important;font-size: 26pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd div {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P3 span {font-family: Arial;language: en;country: US;hyphenate: false;font-family: Arial;language: en;country: US;hyphenate: false;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P23 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p.P27 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd table {margin-left: 0in;border-collapse: collapse;writing-mode: lr-tb;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd table tr {height: 0in;keep-together: auto;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd table td, table th {background-color: transparent;vertical-align: top;wrap-option: wrap;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p {keep-with-next: auto;keep-together: auto;widows: 2;orphans: 2;break-before: auto;border: none;text-align: left;writing-mode: lr-tb;margin-bottom: 0.1388in;line-height: 1.15;background-color: transparent;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf51c4d2dd p span {font-family: Calibri;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;text-transform: none;font-variant: normal;text-shadow: none;letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 11pt;background-color: transparent;text-decoration: none;text-decoration-color: font-color;language: en;country: IN;hyphenate: true;}

Summary on Property Law for CLAT PGINTRODUCTIONTransfer of Property Act came into force on 1st​​ July 1882. The preamble to the Act states that it is an Act to define and amend the law relating to transfer of property by act of parties i.e. not by operation of law. The Act does not purport to be an exhaustive enactment i.e. it does not cover the entire dimension of transfer of property.​​ The transfer of property under the Act is inter vivos i.e. voluntary transfers between living persons and has no application to the disposal of property by will. The Act is the codification of the substantive rights and has no retrospective effect.​​ It extends in the first instance to the whole of India except the territories which, immediately before the 1st November 1956, were comprised in the Part B States or in the States of Bombay, Punjab and Delhi. But this Act or any part thereof may by notification in the Official Gazette be extended to the whole or any part of the said territories by the State Government concerned. And any State Government may from time to time, by notification in the Official Gazette, exempt, either retrospectively or prospectively, any part of the territories administered by such State Government from all or any of the following provisions, namely- Section 54,​​ 59, 107 and 123.If the property is movable the Sale of Goods Act will apply and if it is immovable the Transfer of Property Act will be applicable. The word ‘property’ has not been defined in the Act but it generally means every kind of interest or right which has an economic content. Property is broadly classified into movable and immovable property.​​ Immovable Property- Section 3 of the Act states that​​ “immovable property” does not include standing​​ timber, growing crops or grass. According to Section 3(26) of the General Clauses Act 1897 the ‘immovable property’ shall include land, benefits to arise out of land and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened​​ to anything to the earth.​​ Land- includes earth’s surface, the column of space above the surface and the ground beneath the surface. Thus all objects which are on or under the surface in its natural state are included and the objects which are permanently annexed.Benefits to arise out of land-​​ every benefit arising out of immovable property and every interest in such property is also regarded as immovable property.​​ Things attached to earth- it includes things rooted in the earth, things imbedded in the earth, things attached to what is so imbedded and chattel attached to earth or building. The question as to whether any movable property attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything so attached has become immovable property. Following are the two tests:Mode of annexation- if the movable property is resting on the land merely on its own weight, the presumption is that it is movable property unless contrary is proved. However if it is fixed to the land even slightly or it is caused to go deeper in the earth by external agency then it is deemed to be immovable property.Object of annexation- if the movable property is attached to the land to enjoy the permanent benefits to the property then it is deemed to be immovable propertyIn the case of​​ Shanta Bai v. State of Bombay​​ it was held by the court that the right to enter upon the land of another and carry a part of the produce is an instance of profits a pendre i.e. benefits arising out of land and therefore a grant in immovable property.The transfer of Property Act does not define movable property but the General Clauses Act states that it is property of every description except immovable property. In the case of​​ Bamadev Panigrahi v. Monorama Raj​​ 1974​​ it was held cinema equipments like projector, diesel engine etc. installed on the tenanted land temporarily and not only not attached to the earth but also not permanently fastened to anything to the earth are movable properties. In the case of​​ Duncans Industries​​ Ltd. v. State of U.P.​​ the Supreme Court stated that whether a machinery embedded in the earth can be treated as movable or immovable property depends upon the intention of the parties which embedded the machinery and also the intention of the parties who intend ​​ alienating that machineryTransfer of Property Act is interconnected with the Registration Act and Stamp Act. The four major transfers under the Act i.e. mortgage, sale, lease and gift would only be complete when it is done by a registered document and hence these four​​ transfers are to be read as supplemental to the Registration Act and Stamp Act.​​ Section 2 of the Act states that the rights which are naturally attached to the property are not affected by the act and also there shall be no effect on certain enactments like the Patni Regulations Act, Bombay Land Revenue Code etc. and they will still continue to be in force.​​ (function( $ ) { //footnotes $('.defaultNote').children(":first").css('cursor', 'pointer'); $('.defaultNote').children(":first").click(function(){ var gotoID = '#' + $(this).parent().attr('id'); $('html, body').animate( { scrollTop: $('a[href="' + gotoID + '"]').offset().top - 60, }, 250, 'linear' ) }); }(jQuery)); var numFormat = ",."; (function( $ ) { "use strict"; //do some cleaning on load var sortCells = $('td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]'); sortCells.each(function(){ var first = $(this).text().trim().charAt(0); if (first == '@'){ var oldHTML = $(this).html(); var newHTML = oldHTML.replace('@', ''); $(this).html(newHTML); } }); function sortingTable(node, pos, ordBy){ var rows = node.children('tbody').children('tr').get(); rows.sort(function(a, b) { var X = $(a).children('td').eq(pos).text().toUpperCase(); var Y = $(b).children('td').eq(pos).text().toUpperCase(); if (numFormat != '.,'){ //we are dealing with a different locale and we need to do some //transformation in numbers X = convert2number(X); Y = convert2number(Y); } else { X = X.replace(/,/g, '').replace(/ /g, ''); Y = Y.replace(/,/g, '').replace(/ /g, ''); } var currencies = ['$', '¥', '£', '€']; var arrayLength = currencies.length; var XX = X; var YY = Y; for (var i = 0; i < arrayLength; i++) { XX = XX.replace(currencies[i], ''); YY = YY.replace(currencies[i], ''); } if (!isNaN(XX) && !isNaN(YY)){ var floatXX = parseFloat(XX); var floatYY = parseFloat(YY); return -(floatYY-floatXX) * ordBy; } else if (!isNaN(XX) && isNaN(YY)){ return -1 * ordBy; } else if (isNaN(XX) && !isNaN(YY)){ return ordBy; } else { if(X < Y) { return -1 * ordBy; } if(X > Y) { return 1 * ordBy; } return 0; } }); $.each(rows, function(index, row) { node.children('tbody').append(row); }); } function removeTableCellDecoration() { $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").removeClass('sortDecorator'); } //unbind the click event just in case we are loading more than one document $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").off('click'); $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").click(function(){ removeTableCellDecoration(); $(this).addClass('sortDecorator'); //get desired ordering var ordering = $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering'); if (ordering == 'ASC'){ var ordBy = -1; $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering', 'DESC'); } else { var ordBy = 1; $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering', 'ASC'); } var cellPosition = $(this).prevAll().length; var table = $(this).parents('table:first'); sortingTable(table, cellPosition, ordBy); }); function convert2number(str) { str = str.trim(); if (str.match(/^\d+/)) { //we have to take special care when the thousand separators are '.' var result_0 = str.replace(/\./g, '_@_'); var result_1 = result_0.replace(window.numFormat[0], '.'); var result = result_1.replace(/_@_/g, ''); result .replace(/ /g, ''); return result; } else { return str; } } }(jQuery));