Practice Questions on Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam for CLAT PG 2026
1. Under the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, which of the following is considered primary evidence?
A) Oral testimony of a witness
B) Original document produced before the court
C) Certified copy of a public document
D) Electronic record printed as a hard copy
B) Original document produced before the court
C) Certified copy of a public document
D) Electronic record printed as a hard copy
Answer: B) Original document produced before the court
Explanation: Primary evidence refers to the original document itself, produced for the inspection of the court. Certified copies and electronic prints are secondary evidence.
2. Which section of the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam deals specifically with the admissibility of electronic records?
A) Section 2
B) Section 57
C) Section 61
D) Section 63
B) Section 57
C) Section 61
D) Section 63
Answer: D) Section 63
Explanation: Section 63 of the BSA 2023 makes electronic records admissible in evidence, placing them on par with traditional documentary evidence.
3. In the BSA 2023, what is the maximum number of persons required to prove an admitted fact?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) None
B) Two
C) Three
D) None
Answer: D) None
Explanation: No fact need be proved if it is admitted. Hence, there is no requirement of witnesses for facts admitted by parties.
4. Which of the following is NOT a public document under the BSA 2023?
A) Acts of Parliament
B) Proceedings of courts
C) Private letters between individuals
D) Government notifications
B) Proceedings of courts
C) Private letters between individuals
D) Government notifications
Answer: C) Private letters between individuals
Explanation: Public documents include official records such as laws, court proceedings, and government notifications. Private correspondence is not included.
5. Which concept in BSA 2023 allows the court to presume the existence of certain facts without proof?
A) Direct evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Presumptions
D) Admissions
B) Documentary evidence
C) Presumptions
D) Admissions
Answer: C) Presumptions
Explanation: Presumptions allow the court to assume certain facts (like legitimacy of a child born during marriage) without strict proof, unless rebutted.
6. Under the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, hearsay evidence is:
A) Admissible only if confirmed by two witnesses
B) Admissible only if electronically recorded
C) Generally inadmissible in court
D) Admissible as secondary evidence
B) Admissible only if electronically recorded
C) Generally inadmissible in court
D) Admissible as secondary evidence
Answer: C) Generally inadmissible in court
Explanation: Hearsay (second-hand information) is usually not admissible as evidence, as it lacks direct reliability.
7. Which of the following is considered secondary evidence under the BSA 2023?
A) Oral evidence given by a party to a case
B) A certified copy of a registered sale deed
C) The original sale deed itself
D) Direct testimony of an eyewitness
B) A certified copy of a registered sale deed
C) The original sale deed itself
D) Direct testimony of an eyewitness
Answer: B) A certified copy of a registered sale deed
Explanation: Certified copies of documents and copies made from original are treated as secondary evidence when the original is not produced.
8. Who bears the burden of proof under the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam?
A) The Judge
B) The Court Registrar
C) The party who asserts a fact
D) The party who denies a fact
B) The Court Registrar
C) The party who asserts a fact
D) The party who denies a fact
Answer: C) The party who asserts a fact
Explanation: The general principle is that the burden of proof lies on the person who affirms the existence of a fact, not on the one who denies it.
9. Which of the following is an exception to the rule against oral evidence contradicting a written document?
A) Oral agreement made before the document was executed
B) Oral agreement made after the document was executed
C) Oral agreement that changes the terms of the document
D) Oral agreement that completely replaces the document
B) Oral agreement made after the document was executed
C) Oral agreement that changes the terms of the document
D) Oral agreement that completely replaces the document
Answer: B) Oral agreement made after the document was executed
Explanation: Oral agreements made after execution of a written document can be proved, as they do not contradict the document but modify obligations later.
10. Which of the following is an admission under the BSA 2023?
A) A confession made to a police officer
B) A statement suggesting an inference as to a fact in issue
C) A statement made under duress
D) A cross-examination question
B) A statement suggesting an inference as to a fact in issue
C) A statement made under duress
D) A cross-examination question
Answer: B) A statement suggesting an inference as to a fact in issue
Explanation: Admissions are statements, oral or written, that suggest an inference regarding facts in issue or relevant facts.
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Ruchika Mohapatra
Contributing author
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