Introduction to The Schools Of Muslim Law

.docxpressoPlugin { font-size: 83.35%; } .h5p_layout { box-sizing: content-box !important; } .h5p_layout *{ float: none; text-align: initial; box-sizing: border-box; } /*to make sure that floating elements are always inside the document bounds*/ .h5p_layout:after { content: " "; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } /* a default layout for documents without maste styles */ .h5p_default_layout { margin-top: 3.6rem; margin-left: 8.50464rem; margin-bottom: 3.6rem; margin-right: 8.50464rem; writing-mode: lr-tb; } /*hack for IE */ wbr:after { content: "\00200B"; } /*hack to get some extra top margin for anchors if needed*/ .h5p_layout span[id^="_Toc"]{ padding-top: 10px; margin-top: -10px; } /* Remove unwanted numbering styles */ .h5p_layout .removeNumbering:before{ content: initial !important; display: none; all: initial !important; } /* give zero default top and bottom paddings for paragraphs*/ .h5p_layout p { color: #000000; line-height: 1; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .h5p_layout span { color: #000000; font-weight: normal; } .h5p_layout span.dropcap { color: inherit; font-family: inherit !important; } .h5p_layout h1, .h5p_layout h2, .h5p_layout h3, .h5p_layout h4, .h5p_layout h5, .h5p_layout h6 { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; color: inherit; } /* give zero default top and bottom paddings for paragraphs in tables*/ .h5p_layout table p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .h5p_layout ul, .h5p_layout ol { list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; } .h5p_layout ul li, .h5p_layout ol li { list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } .h5p_layout li p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .h5p_layout table { border: none; } .h5p_layout td { vertical-align: top; border: none; } .h5p_layout th { vertical-align: top; border: none; } .h5p_layout div { margin-bottom: 10pt; } .h5p_layout img { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .h5p_layout ul ul { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .h5p_layout li { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; list-style-type: none !important; } .h5p_layout ul, .h5p_layout ol { list-style-type: none !important; } .h5p_layout td[data-sorting] p:before, .h5p_layout th[data-sorting] p:before { content: ' '; padding-right: 16px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAALAQMAAACTYuVlAAAAA3NCSVQICAjb4U/gAAAABlBMVEUjLTD////tm/tRAAAACXBIWXMAAAsSAAALEgHS3X78AAAAFnRFWHRDcmVhdGlvbiBUaW1lADAyLzEwLzE2RFpLjQAAACB0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWFjcm9tZWRpYSBGaXJld29ya3MgTVi7kSokAAAAI0lEQVR4nGP4/4Dh9wOGjw8YHjxgOJDA8B9MPgCLAMX/PwAANZUStiyS6NsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: left center; background-repeat: no-repeat; } .sortDecorator { border-bottom: 3px solid #b70000 !important; } /* This is a spacial class designed to remove unwanted bullets when a li has ul as its first child*/ .h5p_layout .removeBullet:before { content: none !important; } /*responsive tables*/ .h5p_layout div.dxoResponsiveTable{ margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden; } /* chart tooltips */ .c3-tooltip-container td.name { white-space: nowrap; } /* External services*/ .h5p_layout iframe { resize: vertical; border: 1px solid #fff; } .h5p_layout div.youtube { position:relative; padding-bottom:56.25%; height:0; overflow:hidden; background-color: transparent; } .h5p_layout div.youtube iframe { resize: none; position:absolute; top:0; left:0; width:100%; height:100%; } div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 {margin-left: 0;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 ul {margin-left: -0in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 18pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li:before {font-family: Symbol !important;content: "\2022";font-family: Verdana;counter-increment: ulLFO1_1;margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 ul ul {margin-left: -0.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 54pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li:before {font-family: Courier New !important;content: "o";counter-increment: ulLFO1_2;margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 ul ul ul {margin-left: -1in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 90pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li:before {font-family: Wingdings !important;content: "\25aa";counter-increment: ulLFO1_3;margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul {margin-left: -1.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 126pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li:before {font-family: Symbol !important;content: "\2022";font-family: Verdana;counter-increment: ulLFO1_4;margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul ul {margin-left: -2in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 162pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {font-family: Courier New !important;content: "o";counter-increment: ulLFO1_5;margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul ul ul {margin-left: -2.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 198pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {font-family: Wingdings !important;content: "\25aa";counter-increment: ulLFO1_6;margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {margin-left: -3in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 234pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {font-family: Symbol !important;content: "\2022";font-family: Verdana;counter-increment: ulLFO1_7;margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {margin-left: -3.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 270pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {font-family: Courier New !important;content: "o";counter-increment: ulLFO1_8;margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {margin-left: -4in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 306pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO1 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {font-family: Wingdings !important;content: "\25aa";counter-increment: ulLFO1_9;margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 {counter-reset: ulLFO2_1;margin-left: 0;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_2;margin-left: -0in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 18pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_1;content: counter(ulLFO2_1, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_3;margin-left: -0.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 54pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_2;content: counter(ulLFO2_2, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_4;margin-left: -1.125in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 90pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_3;content: counter(ulLFO2_3, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_5;margin-left: -1.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 126pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_4;content: counter(ulLFO2_4, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_6;margin-left: -2in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 162pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_5;content: counter(ulLFO2_5, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_7;margin-left: -2.625in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 198pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_6;content: counter(ulLFO2_6, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_8;margin-left: -3in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 234pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_7;content: counter(ulLFO2_7, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_9;margin-left: -3.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 270pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_8;content: counter(ulLFO2_8, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO2_10;margin-left: -4.125in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 306pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO2 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO2_9;content: counter(ulLFO2_9, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 {counter-reset: ulLFO3_1;margin-left: 0;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 ul {counter-reset: ulLFO3_2;margin-left: -0in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 18pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO3_1;content: counter(ulLFO3_1, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO3_3;margin-left: -0.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 54pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO3_2;content: counter(ulLFO3_2, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO3_4;margin-left: -1.125in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 90pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO3_3;content: counter(ulLFO3_3, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO3_5;margin-left: -1.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 126pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO3_4;content: counter(ulLFO3_4, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO3_6;margin-left: -2in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 162pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO3_5;content: counter(ulLFO3_5, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO3_7;margin-left: -2.625in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 198pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO3_6;content: counter(ulLFO3_6, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO3_8;margin-left: -3in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 234pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO3_7;content: counter(ulLFO3_7, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO3_9;margin-left: -3.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 270pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO3_8;content: counter(ulLFO3_8, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO3_10;margin-left: -4.125in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 306pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO3 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO3_9;content: counter(ulLFO3_9, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 {counter-reset: ulLFO4_1;margin-left: 0;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 ul {counter-reset: ulLFO4_2;margin-left: -0in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 18pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO4_1;content: counter(ulLFO4_1, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO4_3;margin-left: -0.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 54pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO4_2;content: counter(ulLFO4_2, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO4_4;margin-left: -1.125in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 90pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO4_3;content: counter(ulLFO4_3, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO4_5;margin-left: -1.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 126pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO4_4;content: counter(ulLFO4_4, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO4_6;margin-left: -2in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 162pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO4_5;content: counter(ulLFO4_5, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO4_7;margin-left: -2.625in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 198pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO4_6;content: counter(ulLFO4_6, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO4_8;margin-left: -3in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 234pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO4_7;content: counter(ulLFO4_7, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO4_9;margin-left: -3.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 270pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO4_8;content: counter(ulLFO4_8, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO4_10;margin-left: -4.125in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 306pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO4 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO4_9;content: counter(ulLFO4_9, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 {counter-reset: ulLFO5_1;margin-left: 0;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 ul {counter-reset: ulLFO5_2;margin-left: -0in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 18pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO5_1;content: counter(ulLFO5_1, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO5_3;margin-left: -0.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 54pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO5_2;content: counter(ulLFO5_2, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO5_4;margin-left: -1.125in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 90pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO5_3;content: counter(ulLFO5_3, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO5_5;margin-left: -1.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 126pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO5_4;content: counter(ulLFO5_4, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO5_6;margin-left: -2in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 162pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO5_5;content: counter(ulLFO5_5, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO5_7;margin-left: -2.625in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 198pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO5_6;content: counter(ulLFO5_6, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO5_8;margin-left: -3in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 234pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO5_7;content: counter(ulLFO5_7, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO5_9;margin-left: -3.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 270pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO5_8;content: counter(ulLFO5_8, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO5_10;margin-left: -4.125in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 306pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO5 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO5_9;content: counter(ulLFO5_9, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 {counter-reset: ulLFO6_1;margin-left: 0;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 ul {counter-reset: ulLFO6_2;margin-left: -0in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 18pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO6_1;content: counter(ulLFO6_1, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO6_3;margin-left: -0.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 54pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO6_2;content: counter(ulLFO6_2, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO6_4;margin-left: -1.125in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 90pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO6_3;content: counter(ulLFO6_3, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO6_5;margin-left: -1.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 126pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO6_4;content: counter(ulLFO6_4, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO6_6;margin-left: -2in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 162pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO6_5;content: counter(ulLFO6_5, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO6_7;margin-left: -2.625in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 198pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO6_6;content: counter(ulLFO6_6, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO6_8;margin-left: -3in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 234pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO6_7;content: counter(ulLFO6_7, decimal) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO6_9;margin-left: -3.5in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.25in;margin-left: 270pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO6_8;content: counter(ulLFO6_8, lower-latin) ". ";margin-left: -0.25in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul ul {counter-reset: ulLFO6_10;margin-left: -4.125in;padding: 0; list-style-type: none;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li {text-indent: -0.125in;margin-left: 306pt;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a ul.LFO6 li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li ul li:before {counter-increment: ulLFO6_9;content: counter(ulLFO6_9, lower-roman) ". ";margin-left: -0.125in;display: table-cell;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P1 {border-top: none !important;border-left: none !important;border-bottom: 0.0138in solid #4F81BD !important;border-right: none !important;padding-top: 0in !important;padding-left: 0in !important;padding-bottom: 0.0555in !important;padding-right: 0in !important;margin-bottom: 0.2083in !important;line-height: 1 !important;break-before: page !important;text-align: center !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P1 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Cambria;color: #17365D;letter-spacing: 0.0034in;font-size: 26pt;hyphenate: false;font-weight: bold;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P2 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P2 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P3 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.T4 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.T5 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P6 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.T7 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.T8 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P9 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;margin-left: 0.25in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P9 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P10 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P10 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-weight: bold;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P11 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P11 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P12 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P12 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P13 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P13 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.T14 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-weight: bold !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.T15 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P16 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P16 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P17 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P17 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P18 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P18 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P19 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P19 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P20 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P20 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.T21 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-weight: bold !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.T22 {font-family: Times New Roman !important;font-size: 14pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P23 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P23 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P24 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P24 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P25 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P25 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P26 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P26 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P27 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P27 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-weight: bold;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P28 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P28 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P29 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P29 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P30 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P30 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P31 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P31 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P32 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P32 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P33 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P33 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P34 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P34 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P35 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P35 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P36 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P36 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P37 {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P37 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P38 {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P38 span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Times New Roman;font-size: 14pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.Normal {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.Normal span {hyphenate: false;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.DefaultParagraphFont {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.ListParagraph {margin-left: 0.5in !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.ListParagraph span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.Title {border-top: none !important;border-left: none !important;border-bottom: 0.0138in solid #4F81BD !important;border-right: none !important;padding-top: 0in !important;padding-left: 0in !important;padding-bottom: 0.0555in !important;padding-right: 0in !important;margin-bottom: 0.2083in !important;line-height: 1 !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.Title span {hyphenate: false;font-family: Cambria;color: #17365D;letter-spacing: 0.0034in;font-size: 26pt;hyphenate: false;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.TitleChar {font-family: Cambria !important;color: #17365D !important;letter-spacing: 0.0034in !important;font-size: 26pt !important;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a div {font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.WW_CharLFO1LVL1 {font-family: Symbol !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.WW_CharLFO1LVL2 {font-family: Courier New !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.WW_CharLFO1LVL3 {font-family: Wingdings !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.WW_CharLFO1LVL4 {font-family: Symbol !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.WW_CharLFO1LVL5 {font-family: Courier New !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.WW_CharLFO1LVL6 {font-family: Wingdings !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.WW_CharLFO1LVL7 {font-family: Symbol !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.WW_CharLFO1LVL8 {font-family: Courier New !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a span.WW_CharLFO1LVL9 {font-family: Wingdings !important;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P3 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p.P6 span {hyphenate: false;hyphenate: false;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a table {margin-left: 0in;border-collapse: collapse;writing-mode: lr-tb;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a table tr {height: 0in;keep-together: auto;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a table td, table th {background-color: transparent;vertical-align: top;wrap-option: wrap;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p {keep-with-next: auto;keep-together: auto;widows: 2;orphans: 2;break-before: auto;border: none;text-align: left;writing-mode: lr-tb;margin-bottom: 0.1388in;line-height: 1.15;background-color: transparent;font-size: 11pt;} div#h5p_6a7bf46bd9b9a p span {font-family: Calibri;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;text-transform: none;font-variant: normal;text-shadow: none;letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 11pt;background-color: transparent;text-decoration: none;text-decoration-color: font-color;language: en;country: IN;hyphenate: true;}

Introduction to The Schools Of Muslim LawMuslims are people who follow or practice Islam.​​ Muslims consider the Quran, their holy book, to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet and messenger Muhammad.​​ According to Aghnidas, a muslim is one who believes in Mohammad as a Prophet and one who believs that there is one God.​​ Muslims, for the purpose of the application of Muslim law, fall into categories:Muslims by birth and origin- if both the parents of a person were muslims at the time of his birth, he would be a muslim unless he renounces islam,Muslims by religion or conversion- a person who converts into a mohammedan no matter whether he was before a Christian, Hindu and practices such manner of living, he shall become a muslim.According to the Shariat, even if one of the parents is a Muslim, the child will be Muslim. Under Hindu Law if one of the parents is a Hindu and the child is brought up as a Hindu, the child will be Hindu. The rule of Muslim law is subject to this rule of Hindu law.SOURCES OF MUSLIM LAWMuslim law are classified into two categories:​​ Primary sourcesSecondary sourcesPrimary sources:​​ According to Mulla, there are four formal primary sources also known as ‘shariah sources’. These sources have the approval of the Prophet himself.Quran: the quran is the basis of Muslim law. It represents the will of God communicated through Prophet. It runs into 6000 verses but only 200 deals with the legal principles and of these, only about 80 verses deal with the law of personal status. The prophet from time to time used to deliver preaching to his followers saying that these were the message from God. Quran is considered as divine origin; it is the first source of Muslim law and it is unchangeable and authoritative.​​ Ahadis: according to islam, the second source of law is sunna and ahadis. These are the traditions of prophets. Whatever the prophet said or did without reference to God is treated as his traditions and considered to be the second source of Muslim law. They are of three kinds- sunnat-ul-qual, sunnat-ul-jail and sunnat-ul-taqrir.Ijma: these are the unanimous decisions of the jurists. When Quran and other additions could not supply a rule of law, jurists used their concurrent opinion and laid down a new law. These jurists were not free to give their decision without any basis. The authority of Ijmaa, as a source of law based upon tradition, “my followers can never agree upon what is wrong”.Qiyas: etymologically qiyas means measuring, accord of equality. ​​ If there was any problem before the society on which the former three texts were silent then a method of comparing the problem with a similar problem of which solution was given in the texts was adopted to get the law.Shias do not recoginse ijma and qiyas.Secondary sources:​​ in the absence of primary sources, the law can be obtained from the following sources:Urf (custom): customs and usages which were sanctioned by the jurists either expressly or impliedly. A custom is a tradition passing on from generation to generation and has obtained the force of law in particular locality. The Shariat Act, 1937, applies to Muslims all over India abolishes most of the customs from Muslim law. But customs are still applicable to Muslims in the matters relating to agricultural lands, religious and charitable endowments.Judicial decisions: they have played an important role in laying down rules of Muslim law in accordance with the socio economic conditions of the Indian Muslims.Legislations: in India, Muslims are also governed by various legislations passed by the parliament or state legislature such as Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939, The Mussalman Waqf Validating Act, 1913 etc.Justice, equity and good conscience: under Muslim law principles of justice, equity and good conscience can also be regarded as one of the sources.SCHOOLS OF MUSLIM LAWThere are two major sects of Muslims in India- Sunnis and Shias.​​ The majority of the muslims are Sunnis.​​ The ‘Sunnis’ base their doctrine on the traditions and​​ consider decisions of jurists as equal in authority to Quranic rules. The ‘Shias’ reject not only the decisions of the jurists but also the traditions not handed down by Ali (successor of prophet) or his descendants.There are four major schools of Sunnis:Hanafi School: this school is named after Abu Hanifa and governs a vast majority of Muslims all over India. It gives importance to traditions as a ‘source of law’.​​ If placed little reliance on the mass of oral traditions and applied severe test based on reason and analogy to find out their genuinenessMaliki School: this school was established by Malik-ibn-Anas of Medina. It recognises the traditions of companions and as far as possible, new rules should be obtained exclusively from traditions.Shafei School: this school was founded by Ash Shafei and is found in most part of Southern India; it consists of next largest group of Muslims of India. It also relied on traditions but examined them in the light of legal reasoning and logic in order to get a very balanced and systematic rule of law. He not only approved Ijma as a source of new law but also enlarged its scope.Hanbali School: it was established by Ibn Hanbal. He rigidly adhered to traditions of Prophet and neglected Ijma and Qiyas. Under this school, there was no scope of private judgement and human reasoning.There are three major schools of Shias:Imamia School: this school is also known as Ithna Asharia School. This school is further divided into two sub-sects- i) Akhbari ii) Usuli. Akhbaris are very orthodox because they follow rigidly traditions of Imams. Usulis, on the other hand, interpret the texts of Quran with reference to the practical problems of day to day life.​​ Ismailia School: they constitute the smallest minority group of Muslims and they considered Ismail as seventh Imam.Zyadis School: it was founded by Zyad ​​ and this school incorporates some of the Sunni principles as well (function( $ ) { //footnotes $('.defaultNote').children(":first").css('cursor', 'pointer'); $('.defaultNote').children(":first").click(function(){ var gotoID = '#' + $(this).parent().attr('id'); $('html, body').animate( { scrollTop: $('a[href="' + gotoID + '"]').offset().top - 60, }, 250, 'linear' ) }); }(jQuery)); var numFormat = ",."; (function( $ ) { "use strict"; //do some cleaning on load var sortCells = $('td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]'); sortCells.each(function(){ var first = $(this).text().trim().charAt(0); if (first == '@'){ var oldHTML = $(this).html(); var newHTML = oldHTML.replace('@', ''); $(this).html(newHTML); } }); function sortingTable(node, pos, ordBy){ var rows = node.children('tbody').children('tr').get(); rows.sort(function(a, b) { var X = $(a).children('td').eq(pos).text().toUpperCase(); var Y = $(b).children('td').eq(pos).text().toUpperCase(); if (numFormat != '.,'){ //we are dealing with a different locale and we need to do some //transformation in numbers X = convert2number(X); Y = convert2number(Y); } else { X = X.replace(/,/g, '').replace(/ /g, ''); Y = Y.replace(/,/g, '').replace(/ /g, ''); } var currencies = ['$', '¥', '£', '€']; var arrayLength = currencies.length; var XX = X; var YY = Y; for (var i = 0; i < arrayLength; i++) { XX = XX.replace(currencies[i], ''); YY = YY.replace(currencies[i], ''); } if (!isNaN(XX) && !isNaN(YY)){ var floatXX = parseFloat(XX); var floatYY = parseFloat(YY); return -(floatYY-floatXX) * ordBy; } else if (!isNaN(XX) && isNaN(YY)){ return -1 * ordBy; } else if (isNaN(XX) && !isNaN(YY)){ return ordBy; } else { if(X < Y) { return -1 * ordBy; } if(X > Y) { return 1 * ordBy; } return 0; } }); $.each(rows, function(index, row) { node.children('tbody').append(row); }); } function removeTableCellDecoration() { $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").removeClass('sortDecorator'); } //unbind the click event just in case we are loading more than one document $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").off('click'); $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").click(function(){ removeTableCellDecoration(); $(this).addClass('sortDecorator'); //get desired ordering var ordering = $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering'); if (ordering == 'ASC'){ var ordBy = -1; $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering', 'DESC'); } else { var ordBy = 1; $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering', 'ASC'); } var cellPosition = $(this).prevAll().length; var table = $(this).parents('table:first'); sortingTable(table, cellPosition, ordBy); }); function convert2number(str) { str = str.trim(); if (str.match(/^\d+/)) { //we have to take special care when the thousand separators are '.' var result_0 = str.replace(/\./g, '_@_'); var result_1 = result_0.replace(window.numFormat[0], '.'); var result = result_1.replace(/_@_/g, ''); result .replace(/ /g, ''); return result; } else { return str; } } }(jQuery));