1. Which Constitutional Amendment Act curtailed the power of judicial review in regard to constitutional amendments by inserting Article 368(4) and 368(5)?
A. 24th Amendment
B. 42nd Amendment
C. 44th Amendment
D. 52nd Amendment
B. 42nd Amendment
C. 44th Amendment
D. 52nd Amendment
Answer: B. 42nd Amendment
Explanation: The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, attempted to make constitutional amendments beyond judicial review by inserting clauses (4) and (5) to Article 368, stating that no amendment could be questioned in any court. However, in Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980), the Supreme Court struck down these clauses as unconstitutional, reaffirming the Basic Structure Doctrine.
2. Which amendment inserted the Fundamental Duties into the Constitution?
A. 40th Amendment
B. 42nd Amendment
C. 44th Amendment
D. 52nd Amendment
B. 42nd Amendment
C. 44th Amendment
D. 52nd Amendment
Answer: B. 42nd Amendment
Explanation: The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, introduced Article 51A under Part IV-A of the Constitution, laying down 10 Fundamental Duties for citizens. It was a response to the need for citizens to uphold constitutional ideals, especially post-Emergency.
3. Which amendment restored the original term of Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies from six years back to five years?
A. 43rd Amendment
B. 44th Amendment
C. 45th Amendment
D. 52nd Amendment
B. 44th Amendment
C. 45th Amendment
D. 52nd Amendment
Answer: B. 44th Amendment
Explanation: The 44th Amendment Act, 1978, reversed the 42nd Amendment’s extension of the term of Lok Sabha and State Assemblies from 5 to 6 years, restoring it to 5 years (Article 83 and Article 172).
4. The First Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951 was primarily enacted to:
A. Include the Ninth Schedule
B. Add anti-defection provisions
C. Abolish privy purses
D. Introduce the GST
B. Add anti-defection provisions
C. Abolish privy purses
D. Introduce the GST
Answer: A. Include the Ninth Schedule
Explanation: The First Amendment Act, 1951, added the Ninth Schedule to protect land reform and agrarian laws from being challenged in courts on the grounds of violating Fundamental Rights. It also introduced restrictions to Article 19(1)(a) and (g) and inserted Article 31A and 31B.
5. Which amendment introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India?
A. 97th Amendment
B. 99th Amendment
C. 101st Amendment
D. 103rd Amendment
B. 99th Amendment
C. 101st Amendment
D. 103rd Amendment
Answer: C. 101st Amendment
Explanation: The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016, introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) by amending multiple Articles and inserting Article 246A. It created a concurrent power for both Parliament and State Legislatures to legislate on GST and established a GST Council under Article 279A.
6. The Ninety-Seventh Amendment Act dealt with which of the following?
A. Right to Education
B. Anti-defection law
C. Cooperative societies
D. Free legal aid
B. Anti-defection law
C. Cooperative societies
D. Free legal aid
Answer: C. Cooperative societies
Explanation: The 97th Amendment Act, 2011, gave constitutional status to cooperative societies. It inserted the word “cooperatives” in Article 19(1)(c), added Article 43B in the Directive Principles, and introduced Part IXB. However, in Union of India v. Rajendra N. Shah (2021), the SC struck down the application of Part IXB to State cooperatives as unconstitutional for lack of ratification.
7. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act pertains to:
A. Abolition of titles
B. Anti-defection provisions
C. Panchayati Raj system
D. Electoral reforms
B. Anti-defection provisions
C. Panchayati Raj system
D. Electoral reforms
Answer: C. Panchayati Raj system
Explanation: The 73rd Amendment Act, 1992, added Part IX to the Constitution (Articles 243 to 243O) and provided for a three-tier Panchayati Raj system. It mandated direct elections, fixed terms, and reservation for SCs/STs and women in rural local bodies.
8. The 93rd Constitutional Amendment allowed:
A. Women’s reservation in Parliament
B. GST introduction
C. Reservation in private unaided educational institutions
D. National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC)
B. GST introduction
C. Reservation in private unaided educational institutions
D. National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC)
Answer: C. Reservation in private unaided educational institutions
Explanation: The 93rd Amendment Act, 2005, inserted Clause (5) in Article 15, empowering the State to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, including reservation in private unaided educational institutions, excluding minority institutions.
9. The 52nd Amendment Act introduced which significant constitutional provision?
A. Fundamental Duties
B. Ninth Schedule
C. Anti-defection law
D. Right to Education
B. Ninth Schedule
C. Anti-defection law
D. Right to Education
Answer: C. Anti-defection law
Explanation: The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985, introduced the Tenth Schedule, laying down the anti-defection law to prevent political defections and ensure legislative stability. It specifies disqualification for voluntarily giving up membership of a party or voting contrary to party directions.
10. The 24th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971 was passed in response to which judicial decision?
A. Minerva Mills v. Union of India
B. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
C. Golaknath v. State of Punjab
D. A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras
B. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
C. Golaknath v. State of Punjab
D. A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras
Answer: C. Golaknath v. State of Punjab
Explanation: In Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967), the Supreme Court held that Parliament could not amend Fundamental Rights. The 24th Amendment Act, 1971, reversed this by amending Article 368, affirming Parliament’s power to amend any part of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights.
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Ruchika Mohapatra
Contributing author
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