Passage-Based Questions on English for CLAT UG [Part 21]

In recent years, several countries has introduced stringent data localization laws, arguing that citizens’ information must remains within national borders. Proponents claim that such measures enhances privacy protections and reduce dependency on foreign technology companies. However, critics argues that strict localization not only increase compliance costs for businesses but also fragment the global internet.

The debate often revolves around the assumption that storing data domestically automatically makes it more secure. Yet security depends not merely on geography, but on encryption standards, oversight mechanisms, and institutional accountability. A poorly regulated domestic server may be more vulnerable than a well-protected international one.

Furthermore, forcing multinational firms to duplicate infrastructure leads to inefficiencies that ultimately is passed on to consumers. Governments defending these measures frequently cite national security. But national security concerns, though legitimate, should not becomes a blanket justification for protectionist policies disguised as privacy reforms. The complexity of digital governance demands nuanced solutions rather than sweeping regulatory assertions.

1. Identify the grammatically incorrect verb usage in the first sentence?
a. has introduced
b. citizens
c. arguing
d. must remains

2. “Proponents claim that such measures enhances privacy protections…” The correct correction is?
a. enhances
b. enhance
c. enhancing
d. have enhance

3. “Critics argues that strict localization…” The error relates to?
a. Subject-verb agreement
b. Article usage
c. Parallelism
d. Tense consistency

4. “Ultimately is passed on to consumers.” The sentence is incorrect because?
a. Passive voice is unacceptable
b. The subject-verb agreement is flawed
c. The auxiliary verb is misplaced
d. The tense is wrong

5. “Should not becomes a blanket justification…” The most appropriate correction is?
a. should not became
b. should not become
c. should not becoming
d. should not have becomes

The global shift toward renewable energy are often presented as inevitable. Politicians speaks of green revolutions with confidence, emphasizing both economic growth and environmental responsibility. However, while renewable capacity have expanded significantly, fossil fuels continues to account for a substantial share of global energy consumption.

Many developing countries argues that rapid decarbonization without adequate financial support would constrain their developmental aspirations. At the same time, developed nations insists that urgent mitigation is non-negotiable. The divergence in priorities reflects differing economic structures and historical responsibilities.

Despite ambitious pledges, implementation gaps persists. Regulatory uncertainty, supply chain disruptions, and domestic political opposition slows the pace of transformation. Unless climate commitments are matched with institutional coherence, the rhetoric risks outpacing reality.

6. “The global shift toward renewable energy are often presented…” The error involves?
a. Misplaced modifier
b. Incorrect preposition
c. Subject-verb agreement
d. Redundancy

7. “Politicians speaks…” should be corrected to?
a. Politicians speak
b. Politicians spoken
c. Politicians speaking
d. Politicians has spoken

8. “Renewable capacity have expanded…” the correct form is?
a. have expanded
b. has expanded
c. having expanded
d. were expanded

9. “Implementation gaps persists.” the correct statement would be?
a. Implementation gaps persist
b. Implementation gap persist
c. Implementation gaps persists
d. Implementation gap persists

10. “Domestic political opposition slows the pace…” The verb form is?
a. Incorrect due to plurality
b. Correct as written
c. Incorrect tense
d. Requires passive voice

Artificial intelligence technologies is reshaping labour markets at an unprecedented scale. Analysts suggests that automation may displace certain categories of work, particularly those involving repetitive tasks. However, historical evidence indicate that technological revolutions also generates new forms of employment. The concern lies not only in job losses, but in transitional disruptions. Workers displaced by automation often faces skill mismatches that prevent immediate reintegration into the workforce.

Governments must invests in education and retraining programs if they intends to mitigate structural unemployment. Moreover, public discourse sometimes frame automation as an uncontrollable force. Such determinism overlooks the role of policy choices in shaping technological outcomes. Whether artificial intelligence exacerbate inequality or foster shared prosperity depends largely on regulatory design.

11. “Artificial intelligence technologies is reshaping…” The error concerns?
a. Article usage
b. Pronoun reference
c. Tense inconsistency
d. Subject-verb agreement

12. “Analysts suggests…” should be corrected to?
a. Analyst suggests
b. Analysts suggest
c. Analysts suggesting
d. Analysts has suggest

13. “Historical evidence indicate…” the correct form is?
a. indicate
b. indicates
c. indicating
d. was indicated

14. “Governments must invests…” the correct correction is?
a. must invested
b. must investing
c. must invest
d. must invests

15. “Whether artificial intelligence exacerbate inequality…” should be?
a. exacerbates
b. exacerbating
c. exacerbated
d. have exacerbated