Positive Morality And Constitutionalism in India

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POSITIVE MORALITYEven if no restrictions are provided by the Constitution, if the constitutional functionary has been given a discretionary power, the principles and philosophy of the​​ Constitution​​ i.e.,​​ essence of the Constitution act as the implicit guidelines​​ upon the Constitutional functionary. The powers given to functionaries are arbitrary powers, rather they are guided powers and they are controlled by the essence of the Constitution. A constitutional functionary has to adhere to the basic structure of the Constitution and in no circumstances, it can violate the essence of the Constitution. This principle of adherence to Principle of Constitution is Positive Morality or Constitutional Morality. This concept is about the essence of Constitution acting as implicit guidelines upon the various Constitutional​​ functionary.​​ B.R. Kapoor v State of Tamil Nadu (2001) (SC)It was held in this case that the Constitutional functionary​​ are bound to develop healthy practices and conventions where even constitution is silent and discretionary powers has been​​ given to him. These practices should be in line with the essence of the Constitution. These practices or conventions are unwritten maxims of Constitution and they are an essential part of the Constitution. In present case, even if there is no express violation of the Constitution, the Governor should have explored the possibility of getting some other person from some political party to be appointed as Chief Minister.CONSTITUTIONALISMThe first aspect of constitutionalism is that there can be a Constitution which can organize and regulate the society the society according to some set principles and in​​ fact​​ the society can be​​ moved i.e., progressed in a particular direction. It can be taken towards certain goals. The idea is that the Constitution can bind the society and bring greater cohesion in the society. The essential principle of the Constitution will provide the organic and vitality to the Constitution. The idea is also that Constitution always remains at work. The Constitution adjusts itself to the changing requirements of society in order to govern itself. In this process, the essential philosophies on the Constitution​​ i.e.,​​ Vitality (essence) of Constitution is not lost. In other words, the basic structure of the Constitution will always remain the same.​​ The idea of Constitutionalism is basically the idea that the Constitution will always remain an effective tool of governance. In the 2nd​​ dimension, Constitution is about supremacy of Constitution. M. Nagaraj v Union of India (2016) (SC)It was held that Constitution is about the real identity of Constitution, which is supreme, it is not just about identity of Constitution, rather it is about the continuance of identity. The Supreme Court held in this case that the fidelity of the Court is not with test of Constitution rather with the spirit of Constitution. It was held in this case that Constitution is about limits and aspirations.​​ I R Coelho (dead) by LRs​​ v State of Tamil Nadu (2007) (SC)It was held that Constitutionalism is about checks and balances of the power of the Government. Since the Constitution is Supreme, the Government becomes a limited Government.  Ashok Kumar Thakur v Union of India (2008) (SC)It was held that Constitutionalism is about the theory of guided powers i.e.the implicit and explicit guidelines given in the Constitution          (function( $ ) { //footnotes $('.defaultNote').children(":first").css('cursor', 'pointer'); $('.defaultNote').children(":first").click(function(){ var gotoID = '#' + $(this).parent().attr('id'); $('html, body').animate( { scrollTop: $('a[href="' + gotoID + '"]').offset().top - 60, }, 250, 'linear' ) }); }(jQuery)); var numFormat = ",."; (function( $ ) { "use strict"; //do some cleaning on load var sortCells = $('td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]'); sortCells.each(function(){ var first = $(this).text().trim().charAt(0); if (first == '@'){ var oldHTML = $(this).html(); var newHTML = oldHTML.replace('@', ''); $(this).html(newHTML); } }); function sortingTable(node, pos, ordBy){ var rows = node.children('tbody').children('tr').get(); rows.sort(function(a, b) { var X = $(a).children('td').eq(pos).text().toUpperCase(); var Y = $(b).children('td').eq(pos).text().toUpperCase(); if (numFormat != '.,'){ //we are dealing with a different locale and we need to do some //transformation in numbers X = convert2number(X); Y = convert2number(Y); } else { X = X.replace(/,/g, '').replace(/ /g, ''); Y = Y.replace(/,/g, '').replace(/ /g, ''); } var currencies = ['$', '¥', '£', '€']; var arrayLength = currencies.length; var XX = X; var YY = Y; for (var i = 0; i < arrayLength; i++) { XX = XX.replace(currencies[i], ''); YY = YY.replace(currencies[i], ''); } if (!isNaN(XX) && !isNaN(YY)){ var floatXX = parseFloat(XX); var floatYY = parseFloat(YY); return -(floatYY-floatXX) * ordBy; } else if (!isNaN(XX) && isNaN(YY)){ return -1 * ordBy; } else if (isNaN(XX) && !isNaN(YY)){ return ordBy; } else { if(X < Y) { return -1 * ordBy; } if(X > Y) { return 1 * ordBy; } return 0; } }); $.each(rows, function(index, row) { node.children('tbody').append(row); }); } function removeTableCellDecoration() { $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").removeClass('sortDecorator'); } //unbind the click event just in case we are loading more than one document $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").off('click'); $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").click(function(){ removeTableCellDecoration(); $(this).addClass('sortDecorator'); //get desired ordering var ordering = $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering'); if (ordering == 'ASC'){ var ordBy = -1; $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering', 'DESC'); } else { var ordBy = 1; $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering', 'ASC'); } var cellPosition = $(this).prevAll().length; var table = $(this).parents('table:first'); sortingTable(table, cellPosition, ordBy); }); function convert2number(str) { str = str.trim(); if (str.match(/^\d+/)) { //we have to take special care when the thousand separators are '.' var result_0 = str.replace(/\./g, '_@_'); var result_1 = result_0.replace(window.numFormat[0], '.'); var result = result_1.replace(/_@_/g, ''); result .replace(/ /g, ''); return result; } else { return str; } } }(jQuery));