Practice Questions on Muslim Law for CLAT PG 2021

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Practice Questions on Muslim Law for CLAT PG 2020Passage​​ (Excerpted from the judgment​​ of​​ Jubair Ahmad vs Ishrat Bano)The constitutional validity of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 was upheld in Danial Latifi vs Union of India, AIR 2001. The Supreme Court laid emphasis that in interpreting the provisions where matrimonial relationship is involved, the social conditions prevalent in our society should be taken into consideration. In society, apparently there exists a great disparity in the matter of economic resourcefulness between a man and a woman. The Court observed:​​ "Our society is male dominated both economically and socially and women are assigned, invariably, a dependent role, irrespective of the class of society to which she belongs. A woman on her marriage very often, though highly educated, gives up her all other avocations and entirely devotes herself to the welfare of the family, in particular she shares with her husband, her emotions, sentiments, mind and body, and her investment in the marriage is her entire life - a sacramental sacrifice of her individual self and is far too enormous to be measured in terms of money. When a relationship of this nature breaks up, in what manner we could compensate her so far as emotional fracture or loss of investment is concerned, there can be no answer. It is a small solace to say that such a woman should be compensated in terms of money towards her livelihood and such a relief which partakes basic human rights to secure gender and social justice is universally recognised by persons belonging to all religions and it is difficult to perceive that Muslim law intends to provide a different kind of responsibility by passing on the same to those unconnected with the matrimonial life such as the heirs who were likely to inherit the property from her or the wakf boards. Such an approach appears to us to be a kind of distortion of the social facts. Solutions to such societal problems of universal magnitude pertaining to horizons of basic human rights, culture, dignity and decency of life and dictates of necessity in the pursuit of social justice should be invariably left to be decided on considerations other than religion or religious faith or beliefs or national, sectarian, racial or communal constraints. Bearing this aspect in mind, we have to interpret the provisions of the Act in question." In Shabana Bano v. Imran Khan (2010), in a petition for​​ maintenance under section 125, one of the objections raised by the husband was that he has already divorced the wife prior to filing of petition in accordance with Muslim Law and under the provisions of Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 she is not entitled to any maintenance after the divorce and after the expiry of the iddat period. The learned Family Court partly allowed the wife's application directing the husband to pay Rs.2000/- per month as maintenance allowance from the date of institution of petition to the date of divorce, and thereafter to the period of iddat but amount of maintenance thereafter was denied. The order was upheld by the High Court. The question that arose for consideration before the Supreme Court was whether a Muslim divorced wife would be entitled for maintenance from her divorced husband under Section 125 of the Cr.P.C. and, if yes, then through which forum?QuestionsShia law does not recognise:Sahih marriageBatil marriageMuta marriageFasid marriageAns. dIn which case it was held that it is the obligation of a muslim husband to pay maintenance to his divorced wife even beyond iddat period:Danial Latifi v. Union of IndiaShamim Ara v. State of U.P.Khursheed Begum v. Abdul Rasheed​​ Sikandar Ara v. Hussain AraAns. aIn Talaq-i-Tafweez husband can delegate authority to take divorce to​​ Only wifeWife of wife’s relativesHis own relativesAny personAns. dA​​ divorced Muslim woman would be entitled to claim maintenance from her divorced husband, as long as​​ She is observing iddatShe does not remarryBoth a and bNeither a nor bAns. bIn which recent case it has been held by the Supreme Court that the husband must have reasonable cause for taking talaq and he must attempt reconciliation with wife before taking talaqShamim Ara v. State of U.P.Ali Mohammad v. Hazara BaiZohra Khatoon v. Mohd. Jane AlamSikandar Ara v. Hussain AraAns. aThe judgement in the given passage has been pronounced by:Gujarat High CourtDelhi High CourtAllahabad High CourtMaharashtra High CourtAns.​​ cMarriage during iddat under Sunni Law isVoidVoidableIrregularVoidAns. cA marries B the widow of his elder brother. The marriage under muslim is:Valid​​ VoidVoidableNone of theseAns. bWhich of the following modes of filiation is not recognised by Muslim LawAcknowledgment of paternityNatural foliationPaternity by adoptionBoth b and cAns. cAcknowledgement of paternity cannot be made in respect of offsprings ofIncestAdulteryFornicationAll the aboveAns. d (function( $ ) { //footnotes $('.defaultNote').children(":first").css('cursor', 'pointer'); $('.defaultNote').children(":first").click(function(){ var gotoID = '#' + $(this).parent().attr('id'); $('html, body').animate( { scrollTop: $('a[href="' + gotoID + '"]').offset().top - 60, }, 250, 'linear' ) }); }(jQuery)); var numFormat = ",."; (function( $ ) { "use strict"; //do some cleaning on load var sortCells = $('td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]'); sortCells.each(function(){ var first = $(this).text().trim().charAt(0); if (first == '@'){ var oldHTML = $(this).html(); var newHTML = oldHTML.replace('@', ''); $(this).html(newHTML); } }); function sortingTable(node, pos, ordBy){ var rows = node.children('tbody').children('tr').get(); rows.sort(function(a, b) { var X = $(a).children('td').eq(pos).text().toUpperCase(); var Y = $(b).children('td').eq(pos).text().toUpperCase(); if (numFormat != '.,'){ //we are dealing with a different locale and we need to do some //transformation in numbers X = convert2number(X); Y = convert2number(Y); } else { X = X.replace(/,/g, '').replace(/ /g, ''); Y = Y.replace(/,/g, '').replace(/ /g, ''); } var currencies = ['$', '¥', '£', '€']; var arrayLength = currencies.length; var XX = X; var YY = Y; for (var i = 0; i < arrayLength; i++) { XX = XX.replace(currencies[i], ''); YY = YY.replace(currencies[i], ''); } if (!isNaN(XX) && !isNaN(YY)){ var floatXX = parseFloat(XX); var floatYY = parseFloat(YY); return -(floatYY-floatXX) * ordBy; } else if (!isNaN(XX) && isNaN(YY)){ return -1 * ordBy; } else if (isNaN(XX) && !isNaN(YY)){ return ordBy; } else { if(X < Y) { return -1 * ordBy; } if(X > Y) { return 1 * ordBy; } return 0; } }); $.each(rows, function(index, row) { node.children('tbody').append(row); }); } function removeTableCellDecoration() { $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").removeClass('sortDecorator'); } //unbind the click event just in case we are loading more than one document $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").off('click'); $("td[data-sorting], th[data-sorting]").click(function(){ removeTableCellDecoration(); $(this).addClass('sortDecorator'); //get desired ordering var ordering = $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering'); if (ordering == 'ASC'){ var ordBy = -1; $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering', 'DESC'); } else { var ordBy = 1; $(this).attr('data-sortOrdering', 'ASC'); } var cellPosition = $(this).prevAll().length; var table = $(this).parents('table:first'); sortingTable(table, cellPosition, ordBy); }); function convert2number(str) { str = str.trim(); if (str.match(/^\d+/)) { //we have to take special care when the thousand separators are '.' var result_0 = str.replace(/\./g, '_@_'); var result_1 = result_0.replace(window.numFormat[0], '.'); var result = result_1.replace(/_@_/g, ''); result .replace(/ /g, ''); return result; } else { return str; } } }(jQuery));