Prefix and suffix are the group of letters which when added to a word they change its meaning.
Prefix
d and are capable of changing the meaning of the root word. For example if the prefix ‘dis’ is added to the word ‘appear’ it will make it to ‘disappear’ and the meaning of the root word appear gets totally changed by adding the prefix ‘dis’ to it. Similarly if you add the prefix ‘un’ to the word ‘kind’ its meaning also gets changed.
Following are the points of consideration while using prefixes:
- The spelling of the root word remains the same i.e. on addition of prefix to a word the spelling of the word will not be affected by the prefix. For example the usage of prefix ‘un’ to the word ‘happy’ will make it to ‘unhappy’ thus spelling of the root word remains the same. There are certain words which start with the syllable with which the prefix ends. Eg. ‘un’ is added to ‘noticeable’ it will make ‘unnoticeable’. Herein also the spelling of the root word remains same, only the first letter is used twice.
- Use hyphen when you join a prefix to a proper noun. Also always use hyphen with the following prefixes self, re and ex in order to avoid confusion. For example the word‘re-cover’ which means to cover again if written as ‘recover’ can be mistaken to mean regain.
- Also don’t get confused with the lookalikes i.e. the word ‘uncle’ is an independent word and does not consist of the prefix ‘un’. Similarly the word ‘expert’ is an independent word and does not consist of the prefix ‘ex’. If you will remove the alleged prefix from these words you will realise the remaining root word does not have a logical meaning in itself thus they are not the words joined with a prefix.
- Different prefixes can have same meaning. Eg. prefix ‘un’ and ‘dis’ both represent ‘opposite of’ or ‘not’. Therefore here is the list of some commonly used prefixes with their meaning.
| Prefix | Meaning |
| Ante | Before |
| Anti | against |
| Co |
Suffix
Suffixes are the group of letters which are added at the end of the word. These groups of letters are capable of chaging the meaning of the root word. They generally represent the form of the tense of the word or add on to the meaning of the word. For example the usage of suffix ‘ing’ when added to any word represents that the word is in action i.e. it depicts the continuous form of tense, usage of suffix ‘ed’ depicts an action done in past.
Suffixes are added to the adjectives to form adverbs. Eg usage of suffix ‘ly’ to the adjective ‘joyful’ makes it an adverb i.e. ‘joyfully’
Usage of the suffix ‘es’ or ‘s’ denotes the plural of a singular word. For example ‘lamp’ means a single lamp and ‘lamps’ means more than one lamps.
Following are the points of consideration while using suffixes:
- Generally the spelling of the original or root word remains the same but there is an exception to this rule i.e. if the word is of one syllable and the last letter of the word is a consonant and letter preceding to it is a vowel then double the last letter. For example if the word is ‘run’ and the suffix is ‘ing’ then the resultant word will be ‘running’, Herein the word ‘run’ is of single syllable and its last letter is ‘n’ which a consonant and the letter preceding to it is ‘u’ which is a vowel, so letter ‘n’ will be used twice when a suffix is added to it.
- When the suffix ‘ness’ is added to the words ending with ‘y’ then on addition of suffix the letter ‘y’ is replaced with letter ‘i’. for example when ‘ness’ is added to the word ‘lazy’ it becomes ‘laziness’.
- Words ending with the vowel of ‘e’ and the word is silent about the sound letter ‘e’ then on addition of the suffix ‘ing’ the letter ‘e’ will be removed. For example when ‘ing’ is added to the word ‘write’ it becomes ‘writing’.
- It is to be kept in mind that one suffix can have more than one meaning, so it is to be used according to the meaning and requirement of the sentence. for example the suffix ‘er’ is used to denote a person who performs an action like one who leads is known as leader and ‘er’ is also used to denote a thing which more than other when the two things are compared like faster, better etc.
Here is the list of commonly used suffixes:
| Suffix | Meaning |
| Acy | State or quality |
| Er, or, ist | Person or object that does a specified action |
| Ness |
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Harshita Gulati
Contributing author
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