Sectional Test on Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for CLAT PG

1. Which section of the Environment (Protection) Act gives the Central Government the authority to safeguard the environment by taking “all such measures as it deems necessary”?
a. Section 7
b. Section 2
c. Section 3
d. Section 5

2. A private party may only lodge a complaint under Section 19 after
a. With court permission
b. Giving 60 days’ notice
c. Giving 30 days’ notice
d. Filing PIL

3. Section 2(a) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 defines “environment” as:
a. All natural resources
b. Air, water, and land
c. Inter-relationship between water, air, land, human beings, other living creatures, plants and property
d. Only air and water

4. The EPA’s Section 2(b) defines “environmental pollutant” as:
a. Any solid waste
b. Any substance present in a concentration exceeding the prescribed standards
c. Any material harmful to human health
d. Any dangerous substance

5. Which provision addresses the handling of hazardous substances specifically?
a. Section 5
b. Section 8
c. Section 7
d. Section 6

6. The EPA’s Section 17 addresses offences by:
a. Companies
b. Environmental authorities
c. Private Individuals
d. Corporations

7. Cognizance of offence under the EPA can be taken only by:
a. A Criminal Court
b. Magistrate of First Class
c. National Green Tribunal
d. Court upon complaint under Section 19

8. “Environmental pollution” under Section 2(c) of the EPA means
a. Sewage discharge onto aquatic bodies
b. Air and water pollution
c. Use of hazardous substances
d. Presence of pollutants beyond standards

9. The Central Government may establish rules under Section 6 of the EPA for:
a. imposing criminal penalties
b. establishing standards for emissions or discharges of pollutants
c. resolving environmental conflicts
d. Compensation

10. Which of the following powers is granted under Section 11 of EPA?
a. Industry sealing
b. Closure orders issued
c. Air, water, soil, or material sampling
d. Environmental compensation levy

11. The EPA gives the Central Government the authority to delegate its powers to:
a. Only State Governments
b. Only Pollution Control Boards
c. Any officer or authority
d. The National Green Tribunal

12. Regarding the EPA’s overriding effect, which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. All current laws are superseded by the EPA
b. The EPA complements the Water and Air Acts but does not override them.
c. Inconsistent provisions of other laws are repealed by the EPA
d. The EPA only comes into play when no other laws are in place.

13. Who is primarily responsible for notifying authorities in the event of accidental pollution under Section 9?
a. Pollution Control Board
b. Local authority
c. Person responsible for the discharge
d. District Magistrate

14. Which provision permits the establishment of environmental laboratories by the Central Government?
a. Section 11
b. Section 10
c. Section 12
d. Section 14

15. When an act violates both the EPA and another law, Section 24 of the EPA states:
a. Both laws will be applicable.
b. The EPA will take precedence
c. The offender will be penalised under the other legislation
d. The court has the final say