Sectional Test On International Conventions On Environmental Law For CLAT PG

Adtiya Aryan

20 May 20262 min read

1. Which of the following does the Vienna Convention (1985) primarily deal with?
a. Climate Change
b. Protection of the ozone layer
c. Marine Pollution
d. Hazardous waste

2. Which protocol sets developed countries legally bound targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions?
a. Kyoto Protocol
b. Montreal Protocol
c. Paris Agreement
d. Stockholm Declaration

3. What is the significance of the Stockholm Conference?
a. Banned ozone-depleting substances
b. Adopted Kyoto targets
c. Created UNEP
d. Established IPCC

4. The Montreal Protocol is regarded as successful for which of the following reasons?
a. Controlled nuclear pollution
b. Protected Biodiversity
c. Phased out ozone-depleting substances
d. Reduced plastic waste

5. The primary aim of the Paris Agreement (2015) is to:
a. Complete ban on fossil fuels
b. Control global temperature below 2°C
c. Eliminate Industrial pollution
d. Eliminate deforestation

6. The Ramsar Convention is concerned with the conservation of which of the following?
a. Ocean
b. Wetlands
c. Coral Reefs
d. Forests

7. The UNFCCC (1992) offers a framework for dealing with:
a. Ozone depletion
b. Climate Change
c. Deforestation
d. Hazardous Substances

8. Which of the following environmental approaches were introduced by the Rio Declaration?
a. Sustainable Development
b. Ozone Depletion
c. Absolute Liability
d. Climate Change

9. Identify the correct match.
a. Montreal – Ozone Depletion
b. CITES – Hazardous waste
c. Basel – Wetlands
d. Ramsar – ozone protection

10. Which of the following Conventions is not legally binding in nature?
a. Kyoto Protocol
b. Montreal Protocol
c. Rio Declaration
d. Paris Agreement

11. Which of the following treaties expressly acknowledges indigenous populations’ rights to genetic resources and traditional knowledge?
a. Paris Agreement
b. Vienna Convention
c. Ramsar Convention
d. Convention on Biological Diversity

12. Which treaty uses a Prior Informed Consent (PIC) process to expressly regulate the worldwide trade of hazardous chemicals?
a. Basel
b. Minamata
c. Stockholm
d. Rotterdam

13. Which of the following sums up how the Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, and UNFCCC are related?
a. Kyoto and Paris operate under the UNFCCC framework
b. Paris repealed Kyoto
c. UNFCCC replaced Paris
d. Three independent treaties

14. Assertion (A): The “wise use” of wetlands is encouraged by the Ramsar Convention.
Reason (R): All commercial activity in wetlands is strictly forbidden.
a. Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A
b. Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true

15. Which of the following claims regarding the Paris Agreement is true?
a. All states are subject to the same binding targets.
b. It takes the place of the UNFCCC
c. It permits voluntary national goals that are regularly reviewed.
d. Carbon markets are forbidden.

Answers

(B) The foundation for international cooperation to preserve the ozone layer was established by the Vienna Convention of 1985. It cleared the path for the Montreal Protocol but did not enforce legally obligatory reductions.
(A) Developed nations were subject to legally binding emission reduction objectives under the Kyoto Protocol, 1997.
(C) The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which oversees environmental initiatives within the UN system, was established as a result of the 1972 Stockholm Conference, the first international environmental summit.
(C) The most successful environmental agreement is the 1987 Montreal Protocol, which effectively phased out CFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals.
(B) Through nationally determined contributions (NDCs), the 2015 Paris Agreement seeks to keep global warming far below 2°C, ideally 1.5°C.

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Adtiya Aryan

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Answers

(B) The foundation for international cooperation to preserve the ozone layer was established by the Vienna Convention of 1985. It cleared the path for the Montreal Protocol but did not enforce legally obligatory reductions.

(A) Developed nations were subject to legally binding emission reduction objectives under the Kyoto Protocol, 1997.

(C) The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which oversees environmental initiatives within the UN system, was established as a result of the 1972 Stockholm Conference, the first international environmental summit.

(C) The most successful environmental agreement is the 1987 Montreal Protocol, which effectively phased out CFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals.

(B) Through nationally determined contributions (NDCs), the 2015 Paris Agreement seeks to keep global warming far below 2°C, ideally 1.5°C.