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Sectional Test on The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 for CLAT PG

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Adtiya Aryan
16 February 20264 min read
1. According to the Water Act, the Chairman of a State Pollution Control Board: Chairman of a State Pollution Control Board:
a. Must be an environmental scientist
b. Must be a judicial officer
c. Must be a person having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of matters relating to environmental protection
d. Must be an advocate with 10 years of experience
2. Which of the following individuals can file a complaint for an offence under the Water Act?
a. Any Citizen
b. A board or any authorised person
c. Any person who has given notice of not less than 60 days to the Board
d. A board or any person who has given notice of not less than 60 days to the Board
3. Which of the following accurately describes the minimum imprisonment for violating Section 24 which forbids using a stream to dispose of pollutants?
a. No imprisonment, only fine
b. Not less than 3 months to 1 year
c. Not less than 6 months to 3 years
d. Not less than one year and six months to six years
4. Under the Water Act, the term “stream” shall include:
a. River
b. Water course (whether flowing or for the time being dry)
c. Inland water (whether natural or artificial)
d. Sea or tidal waters to such extent as notified
Choose the correct option:
a. a and b only
b. a, b and c only
c. b and c only
d. All of the above
5. Assertion (A): State Boards may receive legally binding directives from the Central Board.
Reason (R): The Act gives the Central Board supervisory authority and superiority.
a. Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A
b. Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. Both A and R are false
6. Which section of the Water Act gives the Board the authority to gather information and conduct surveys from industries?
a. Section 20
b. Section 21
c. Section 23
d. Section 33
7. Any person aggrieved by the refusal or withdrawal of consent by State Board, may appeal within:
a. 15 days
b. 30 days
c. 45 days
d. 60 days
8. A member of a State Board may be removed before expiry of his term on the ground of:
a. Insolvency
b. Unsound Mind
c. Abuse of position
d. Absence from three consecutive meetings
Choose the correct answer:
a. a and b only
b. a, b, and c only
c. a, b, c, and d
d. c only
9. Which of the following is the appellate authority under the Water Act?
a. High Court
b. National Green Tribunal
c. Authority constituted by State Government
d. Central Pollution Control Board
10. Section 24 of the Water Act prohibits:
a. Establishing any industry near river
b. Discharging poisonous, noxious or polluting matter into stream or well
c. Use of groundwater
d. Use of fertilizers
11. Under the Water Act, the term “pollution” includes:
a. Physical contamination only
b. Chemical contamination only
c. Biological contamination only
d. Any contamination that may create nuisance or render water harmful
12. Assertion (A): The State Board has the authority to order the closure, prohibition, or regulation of any industry.
Reason (R): These instructions include turning off the water or electricity.
a. Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A
b. Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
13. Under the Water Act, the State Board may issue emergency measures to remove pollution under:
a. Section 24
b. Section 32
c. Section 33
d. Section 41
14. Under the Water Act, the term “Trade effluent” includes:
a. Domestic sewage only
b. Industrial discharge only
c. Any liquid, gaseous or solid substance discharged from premises used for trade or industry
d. Only hazardous waste
15. Assertion (A): State Board operations are subject to the coordination of the Central Board.
Reason (R): The Central Board guarantees uniform standards across the country.
a. Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A
b. Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true

Answers

  1. (C) According to Section 4 of the Water Act, the chairman of the State Board must be a person having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of matters relating to environmental protection or a person having knowledge and experience in administering institutions dealing with such matters
  2. (D) As per Section 49 of the Act, cognizance of offences under the Act can be taken on a complaint made by either a Board or any officer authorised in this behalf by it or by any person who has given notice of not less than sixty days of the alleged offence and of his intention to make a complaint, to the Board or officer authorised.
  3. (D) According to Section 43 of the Water Act.
  4. (D) According to Section 2 (j) of the Act, the term “Stream” includes (i) river; (ii) water course (whether flowing or for the time being dry); (iii) inland water (whether natural or artificial); (iv) subterranean waters and (v) sea or tidal waters
  5. (D) The Central Board does not have supervisory function and cannot issue legally binding directions, it can only coordinate and advise the State Boards.
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  • (A)
  • (B) As per Section 28 of the Act, any person aggrieved by an order made by the State Board under section 25, section 26 or section 27 may appeal within thirty days from the date on which the order is communicated.
  • (B) Section 6 of the Act deals with Disqualifications of a member of a Board.
  • (C) According to Section 28 of the Act, the State government may constitute the Appellate authority.
  • (B)
  • (D) Section 2(e) of the Act, provides that “pollution” means such contamination of water or such alteration of the physical, chemical or biological properties of water or such discharge of any sewage or trade effluent or of any other liquid, gaseous or solid substance into water (whether directly or indirectly) as may, or is likely to, create a nuisance or render such water harmful or injurious to public health or safety, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural or other legitimate uses, or to the life and health of animals or plants or of aquatic organisms;
  • (A) Both are true under Section 33A of the Act, and R correctly explains A.
  • (B)
  • (C) Section 2 (k) of the Act provides that “trade effluent” includes any liquid, gaseous or solid substance which is discharged from any premises used for carrying on any industry, operation or process, or treatment and disposal system, other than domestic sewage.
  • (A)
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